1 CHEETAH – a high speed optical network Xiuduan Fang, Tao Li, Mark Eric McGinley, Xiangfei Zhu, and Malathi Veeraraghavan

2 How does today's Internet work? Abilene: Backbone network of Internet 2 Internet2: Universities + Research Laboratories From Regular mail: Letters are sent in envelopes and routed from post-office to post- office, with each post-office examining the address on the envelope to determine the next post-office to which the letter should be forwarded Internet: Your messages, for example, are broken up into small packets. Each packet carries the destination address in a header. Each router extracts the address from the header, and determines the next-hop router to which to forward the packet.

3 What does a router look like? Example: A Cisco GSR router HeaderPart of a user message A typical packet Header contains source and destination addresses

4 Internet's bandwidth sharing mechanism Today's Internet operates in a reservationless mode A computer is not required to reserve bandwidth before sending packets from an application, such as Consequence: congestion can result if many users' simultaneously send s or access the web. Packets can be delayed excessively, or even dropped by routers! Analogy: The roadways network; convenient, efficient usage, but a driver could be held up in traffic jams Second delay >> First delay Packet 3 was dropped because of other users' packets competing for "road space"

5 A new bandwidth-sharing mechanism Reservation-oriented bandwidth sharing User application signals its required data rate to the network The network reserves this rate, if available, on each link of the end-to-end path Consequence: If a user request is admitted, service quality is excellent; no unpredictable delays or losses Analogy: Airline travel; a user reserves a seat on each flight of a multi-flight trip before starting the trip We are building high-speed optical networks using this mode of bandwidth-sharing

6 Building block: reservation-capable switches Example Cisco 15454

7 CHEETAH: Circuit-switched High-speed End-to-End Transport Architecture CHEETAH Sponsored by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE); Built to support scientific research projects, such as the Terascale Supernova Initiative (TSI) TSI Sponsored by the DOE Study the explosion mechanism of supernovae rare in our galaxy need computer simulations to understand this mechanism Enabling technology: TeraScale computing resources

8 Example: The Crab Nebula, remnant of SN 1054 supernovaCrab Nebula The picture: one of the largest ever image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from Core collapse supernovae: the most energetic explosions in the Universe Scientists need to study explosion mechanism and understand observables Technology used: Large-scale, multi- dimensional computer simulations conducted by supercomputers Simulation generates huge amount of data at terabyte (10 12 ) scale or even larger, which needs to be further processed by scientists’ computers

9 Problem: How to move simulation data Picture obtained from Cray XT3 Supercomputer Scientist Move data through Internet?

10 Orbitty Cluster 1G OC192 GbE MCNC Catalyst G G Wukong cheetah-nc 3x1G VLAN OC GbE GbE G Zelda H H H 1G Zelda Zelda G Zelda H H Zelda G Cheetah-atl OC-192 lamda 10GbEGbE Cheetah-ornl OC192 UCNS 1GFC 1G Juniper T320 Juniper T320 1G Force10 E300 switch Oak Ridge National Lab Atlanta NCSU Direct fibers VLANs MPLS tunnels Wuneng H UVa Catalyst 4948 WASH HOPI Force10 WASH Abilene T640 NCSU M20 2x1G MPLS tunnels CUNY Foundry NYC HOPI Force10 1G Mvstu H H 1G UVa CUNY Application of CHEETAH Network OC-192 lamda H Centuar FastIron FESX448 H Raleigh cuny-h H 1G cuny-h Prof. John Blondin Internet 1.Reserve bandwidth 2.Move the terabyte sized files

11 Demo introduction Data being moved from Cray to Orbitty are large files For visual effects, we use video instead to illustrate the benefits of reservation-oriented networks Two scenarios Small data rate with interfering traffic Emulates popular webcam experience Higher data rates without interfering traffic Much better video quality

12 Demo Setup Interfering traffic Emulates congested Internet path Router #2 (Cisco GSR) Router #1 (Cisco GSR) 100Mbps Ethernet interface card OC-3 interface card Emulates dedicated CHEETAH circuit SONY SNC-RZ30N Network camera Mbps Ethernet switch Cisco MSPP