2-PAD Hardware: From Antenna to Beamformer Adam Baird Hamid Dabiri Khah Kris Zarb-Adami Mark Jones Mike Jones Paul Grimes Peter Hastings Rik Elliot Richard Armstrong Sascha Schediwy Aziz Ahmedsaid Chris Shenton Georgina Harris Richard Morrow Richard Whitaker Tim Ikin Tony Brown University of OxfordUniversity of Manchester
High Gain Antenna Cost = £ 350 (mostly metal) For 2 polarisations 3-dB Beamwidth ≈ ±18 o Gain ≈ 12.5 dBi
Differential Low Noise Amp Power = 100 mW Cost = £ 2 per polarisation Noise Figure ≈ 0.8 ± 0.1 dB (60K) S21 ≈ 18 ± 2 dB S11 ≈ -15 ± 2 dB
Analogue Cable Driver Power = 1W per polarisation Cost = £ 10 per polarisation Gain = 54 dB Gain flatness ≈ 0.5 dB
Cable and Balun Board Cable Cost = £ 10 per polarisation Quad channel fan-out Passive components only
Signal Conditioning Module Cost = £ 500 per polarisation Power ≈ 1W per polarisation High and Low, anti-aliasing channels ADC differential driver Logic controlled from FPGA
Data Acquisition Board Cost = £1000 per polarisation Power = 1.5 W per polarisation ADC ≈ 0.5 W per polarisation FPGA ≈ 1.0 W for channelisation
Processing Technology Berkeley Hardware Benchmarking system 2 x Dual-channel ADCs 1 x Virtex-2 FPGA $775 per polarisation 2.5 W per polarisation Fine-grained Power Management
Summary Total Cost per polarisation ≈ £ 1700 Total Power per polarisation ≈ 5 W Total Cost for 2-PAD ≈ £ 220,000 (280,000 €) Total Power for 2-PAD ≈ 640 W Total Cost per polarisation ≈ £ 1200 Total Power per polarisation ≈ 5 W Total Cost for 2-PAD ≈ £ 155,000 (200,000 €) Total Power for 2-PAD ≈ 640 W Analogue Power should be a serious concern for the future as this does NOT scale with technology SKADS-UK CASPER
e-ASIC technology Power per polarisation is decreased by 1W over the latest FPGA New techniques which do not require the large NRE associated with new semiconductor processes Short turn-around time and design based on standard FPGA platforms No volume requirements
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