Tissue Types

Human Tissues Tissue differentiation

Tissues: groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure and perform a related function Four types of tissue – Muscle = movement – Epithelial = covering – Connective = support – Nervous = control Most organs contain all 4 types

Muscle Tissue Cells have the ability to contract Locomotion 3 types of muscle tissue Cardiac –heart Skeletal – attached to bones Smooth – internal organs and blood vessels

MUSCLE TISSUE SKELETAL/Striated  Voluntary movement  Long and cylindrical  Transverse striation  Each fiber is multi-nuclear

Skeletal Muscle

MUSCLE TISSUE SMOOTH  Involuntary movement  Long, spindle shape  Single nucleus  Internal organs

Smooth Muscle

MUSCLE TISSUE CARDIAC  Striations  Involuntary  One nucleus  Deep center  Heart muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Epithelial Tissue

Sheets of cells which lines a body cavity or covers a body surface. Functions ▫Protection ▫Absorption ▫Filtration ▫Excretion ▫Secretion ▫Sensory reception

Classification Tissue given two names ▫A. First name tells you the number of cell layers.  Simple made up of a single cell layer  often used in filtration or absorption occur.  Stratified – made of 2 or more stacked layers  Often found where friction occurs

Classification ▫The second name tells you the cell shape.  Squamous – flat and scale like  Cuboidal – boxlike(as wide as they are tall)  Columnar - tall column shaped (nucleus is elongated)

Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D. EPITHELIAL TISSUES Composed almost entirely of cells. Contains no blood vessels but supported by nerve fibers. Connective tissue support

Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissue Easily regenerates E.g. skin, lining of gut, mucous membranes

Simple Squamous Epithelia

Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

Simple Columnar Epithelia

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

Connective Tissue

Characteristics Most abundant tissue in the body. Cells are further apart than epithelial cells. Extracellular matrix between them. ▫The body’s glue ▫Composed of protein fibers and ground substance.

Cells imbedded in fibers Fibroblast- most common fixed cell. ▫Star shaped and produce fibrous protein. Macrophages Start as white blood cells – phagocytosis – fight infection. Mast cells Near blood vessels. Release heparin – prevent blood clotting Release histamine – promotes inflammation

Fibers Collagenous – collagen protein– great strength ▫ ligaments - bones to bones ▫ tendons – muscle to bones Elastic fibers – elastin protein weaker but more elastic. Vocal cords, air passages Reticular fibers – collagenous fibers- delicate networks.

Functions Support Protection Frameworks Fill spaces Store fat Produce blood cells Protect against infections

Connective Tissue 6 Types Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Adipose Blood Cartilage Bone

Loose Connective Tissue

Areolar C.T.

Dense Connective Tissue

Fibrous C.T.

Adipose Tissue

Blood

Blood smear

Cartilage

Cartilage types Hyaline - Hyaline cartilage is cartilage that is hyaline (transparent). It is found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.cartilagehyalinenerves Elastic - Elastic cartilage or yellow cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers. The principal protein is elastin.cartilageouter earEustachian tubeepiglottiselastin

Fibrocartilage - consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue ▫Fibrocartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, the anulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, menisci and the TMJpubic symphysisanulus fibrosusintervertebral discsmenisciTMJ

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrous

Bone

Nerve Tissue