Tissue Types
Human Tissues Tissue differentiation
Tissues: groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure and perform a related function Four types of tissue – Muscle = movement – Epithelial = covering – Connective = support – Nervous = control Most organs contain all 4 types
Muscle Tissue Cells have the ability to contract Locomotion 3 types of muscle tissue Cardiac –heart Skeletal – attached to bones Smooth – internal organs and blood vessels
MUSCLE TISSUE SKELETAL/Striated Voluntary movement Long and cylindrical Transverse striation Each fiber is multi-nuclear
Skeletal Muscle
MUSCLE TISSUE SMOOTH Involuntary movement Long, spindle shape Single nucleus Internal organs
Smooth Muscle
MUSCLE TISSUE CARDIAC Striations Involuntary One nucleus Deep center Heart muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Epithelial Tissue
Sheets of cells which lines a body cavity or covers a body surface. Functions ▫Protection ▫Absorption ▫Filtration ▫Excretion ▫Secretion ▫Sensory reception
Classification Tissue given two names ▫A. First name tells you the number of cell layers. Simple made up of a single cell layer often used in filtration or absorption occur. Stratified – made of 2 or more stacked layers Often found where friction occurs
Classification ▫The second name tells you the cell shape. Squamous – flat and scale like Cuboidal – boxlike(as wide as they are tall) Columnar - tall column shaped (nucleus is elongated)
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D. EPITHELIAL TISSUES Composed almost entirely of cells. Contains no blood vessels but supported by nerve fibers. Connective tissue support
Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissue Easily regenerates E.g. skin, lining of gut, mucous membranes
Simple Squamous Epithelia
Simple Cuboidal Epithelia
Simple Columnar Epithelia
Stratified Squamous Epithelia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
Connective Tissue
Characteristics Most abundant tissue in the body. Cells are further apart than epithelial cells. Extracellular matrix between them. ▫The body’s glue ▫Composed of protein fibers and ground substance.
Cells imbedded in fibers Fibroblast- most common fixed cell. ▫Star shaped and produce fibrous protein. Macrophages Start as white blood cells – phagocytosis – fight infection. Mast cells Near blood vessels. Release heparin – prevent blood clotting Release histamine – promotes inflammation
Fibers Collagenous – collagen protein– great strength ▫ ligaments - bones to bones ▫ tendons – muscle to bones Elastic fibers – elastin protein weaker but more elastic. Vocal cords, air passages Reticular fibers – collagenous fibers- delicate networks.
Functions Support Protection Frameworks Fill spaces Store fat Produce blood cells Protect against infections
Connective Tissue 6 Types Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue Adipose Blood Cartilage Bone
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar C.T.
Dense Connective Tissue
Fibrous C.T.
Adipose Tissue
Blood
Blood smear
Cartilage
Cartilage types Hyaline - Hyaline cartilage is cartilage that is hyaline (transparent). It is found on many joint surfaces. It is pearly bluish in color with firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen. It contains no nerves or blood vessels, and its structure is relatively simple.cartilagehyalinenerves Elastic - Elastic cartilage or yellow cartilage is a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, Eustachian tube and epiglottis. It contains elastic fiber networks and collagen fibers. The principal protein is elastin.cartilageouter earEustachian tubeepiglottiselastin
Fibrocartilage - consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue ▫Fibrocartilage is found in the pubic symphysis, the anulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs, menisci and the TMJpubic symphysisanulus fibrosusintervertebral discsmenisciTMJ
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous
Bone
Nerve Tissue