Timeline of Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure)

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Presentation transcript:

Timeline of Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure) developed to meet practical needs in surveying, construction, and astronomy

25,000 BC Paleolithic Period Cro-Magnon men made primitive geometrical designs

2000-500 BC Egyptians and Babylonians could compute pythagorean theorem & area but used “trial & error”; not logically deduced; Egyptians used geometry for taxing land after the Nile flooded each year

800 BC India used geo. constructions to solve linear/quadratic equations; est. pi to 5 decimal places

Greeks: 600 BC Thales of Miletus brought the science of geometry from Egypt to Greece. Thales is frequently credited with developing 5 theorems of elementary geometry.

450 BC Pythagorus The 1st to logically deduce geometric facts from basic principles. Derived sum of angles of triangles & the pythagorean theorem.

400 BC Hippocrates Wrote the 1st “Elements of Geometry”. Hippocratic Oath

300 BC Plato Emphasized proofs & concise definitions. Platonic solids

300 BC Euclid Father of Geometry - collected theorems from predecessors & wrote 13-book treatise.

250 BC Archimedes The greatest of all Greek mathematicians- invented the screw, the pulley, & the lever.

200 BC Appollonius Famous for work in conics.

150 BC Hypsicles described the 360 Parts of a circle as degrees.

140 BC Hipparchus Famous for work in trigonometry.

50 AD Heron Wrote “Metrica” (plane & 3-D objects)

100 AD Ptolemy Geometry of planetary motion

120 AD Chang Hong Calculated pi to be 3.1555

400 AD Hypatia 1st woman to significantly contribute to mathematics.

1489 AD Widmann 1st mathematician To use the notation + and -.

Coordinate Geometry: 1600 AD Rene Descartes: Made one of the greatest advances in geometry by connecting algebra and geometry. A myth is that he was watching a fly on the ceiling when he conceived of locating points on a plane with a pair of numbers. Maybe this has something to do with the fact that he stayed in bed everyday until 11:00 A.M. Fermat also discovered coordinate geometry, but it's Descartes' version that we use today.

William Jones was the first 1706 AD William Jones was the first to use the π symbol to denote the periphery (circumference) of a circle with a diameter of 1.

Non-Euclidean Geometries early 1800’s Since mathematicians couldn't prove the 5th postulate, they devised new geometries with "strange" notions of parallelism. (A geometry with no parallel lines?!?) Bolyai and Lobachevsky are credited with devising the first non-euclidean geometries.

late 1800’s – 1900 Differential geometry: combines geometry with the techniques of calculus to provide a method for studying geometry on curved surfaces. Fractal geometry: geometric figures that model many natural structures like ferns or clouds. The invention of computers has greatly aided the study of fractals since many calculations are required.

Who knew? We do!!!