Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World (13501650) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture.

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Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World ( ) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture 1. Pressure on Peasants 2. Enclosures 3. Loans In Manufacture Decline of Guilds III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS The rise of the Modern State

Population of Europe (Million)

Population of Europe (Million)

Black Death by Pieter Bruegel

Death in Tournai, 1349

Plague Doctor with Mask

Flagellants Constance, Switzerland) Nuremberg Tournai (Flanders) Seventh Seal Ingmar Bergman

Black Death- Burning Jews (1349)

Population of Europe (Million)

Feudal Crisis and the Origins of the Modern World ( ) I. CRISIS IN EUROPE 1.Epidemics (Plague) 2.Climate Change 3.Wars II. RESPONSE In Agriculture 1. Pressure on Peasants 2. Enclosures 3. Loans In Manufacture Decline of Guilds III. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS The rise of the Modern State

Political Transformations The rise of the modern state Stages in the emergence of the modern state New Institutions New economic policies New Sources of Legitimacy Europe and the world

Two stages 1.The king, feudal lords, the towns, the church seek common solution. 2.Centralized power in monarchies

New Institutions 1. Roman Law 2. Professional Army Hundred Years War ( ) Religious Wars ( ) Thirty Year War ( ) Colonial Wars 3. Financing the State Taxation Sale of offices Tax Farming

A European Army of the Sixteenth Century in Marching Order

Economic policy External Using trade as a means for strengthening the state (Mercantilism ) exports over imports no exp of bullion seek colonies national markets navigation laws control manufacturing and trade Internal Controlling the poor: (Poor Laws)

New Sources of Legitimacy Internal (Empire, nation) International (Westphalia System)

End of the Feudal Order Shift from the Mediterranean to NW Europe Stronger States Decline of religious authority New sources of food, precious metals, raw materials and labor in Americas and Africa

Crisis OttomanMing in Europe Empire Dynasty

Europe Middle East Asia Transformation Econ.Polit. Ottoman Portug. Empire Dutch in SEA End of feudal relations, State Expansion

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