A History of Western Society Tenth Edition CHAPTER 12 The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages, 1300–1450 Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s John P. McKay.

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A History of Western Society Tenth Edition CHAPTER 12 The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages, 1300–1450 Copyright © 2011 by Bedford/St. Martin’s John P. McKay ● Bennett D. Hill John Buckler ● Claire Haru Crowston Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks ● Joe Perry

I. Prelude to Disaster A. Climate Change and Famine 1.The Little Ice Age (1300–1450) 2. Great Famine (1315–1322) B. Social Consequences 1. Abandonment of Villages and Declining Population 2. Scapegoats 3. Governmental Responses

II. The Black Death A. Pathology 1. Yersinia Pestis 2. Pneumonic Transmission 3. Effects on the Body B. Spread of the Disease 1. From China to Europe 2. Spread Within Cities 3. Mortality Rates

II. The Black Death C. Care of the Sick 1. Remedies 2. Care by the Clergy 3. Escape

II. The Black Death D. Economic, Religious, and Cultural Effects 1. Increased Productivity 2. Upward Mobility in the Guilds 3. Inflation 4. Religious Responses 5. New Universities

III. The Hundred Years’ War A. Causes 1. Disagreements over Royal Land Rights 2. Succession Dispute 3. French Nobility Divided 4. Economic Reasons B. English Successes 1. Initial English Successes 2. Further English Successes (1415–1419)

III. The Hundred Years’ War C. Joan of Arc and France’s Victory 1. Joan of Arc 2. Capture and Trial 3. Ultimate French Victory D. Aftermath 1. Havoc in England and France 2. Technology and the Nation State 3. Representative Assemblies 4. Nationalism

IV. Challenges to the Church A. The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism 1. Babylonian Captivity 2. Atmosphere of Luxury 3. The Great Schism (1377–1417) B. Critiques, Divisions, and Councils 1. William of Occam (1289–1347) 2. Marsiglio of Padua (1275–1342) 3. Conciliarists 4. John Wycliffe (1330–1384) and the Lollards 5. Jan Hus (1372–1415) 6. Resolution of the Schism

IV. Challenges to the Church C. Lay Piety and Mysticism 1. Lay Piety 2. Confraternities 3. Brethren and Sisters of the Common Life 4. Mystical Experiences

V. Social Unrest in a Changing Society A. Peasant Revolts 1. Flanders (1320s) 2. Jacquerie (1358) 3. English Peasants’ Revolt (1381)

V. Social Unrest in a Changing Society B. Urban Conflicts 1. Roots of Revolt 2. “Honor” Uprisings

V. Social Unrest in a Changing Society C. Sex in the City 1. Late Age of First Marriage 2. Prostitution 3. Rape 4. Homosexuality D. Fur-Collar Crime 1. Noble Bandits 2. Robin Hood

V. Social Unrest in a Changing Society E. Ethnic Tensions and Restrictions 1. Ethnic Diversity and Colonization 2. Legal Dualism 3. “Purity of the Blood” F. Literacy and Vernacular Literature 1. Dante’s Divine Comedy (1310–1320) 2. Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales (1387–1400) 3. Spread of Lay Literacy