Warm-up  In your notebook, respond to the following in 3 to 5 sentences:  Thomas Jefferson once said: “Every generation needs a new revolution.” If you had to start a revolution, what would you try to change? What changes need to be made in society?

NC REBELLIONS

Not everyone was content with the Colonial Gov’ts  There were early moves to strengthen the colonial gov’ts in the hopes of benefiting England  Some colonials were more interested in their own fortunes than in serving king and country  The following are examples of local conflicts during the period of colonization  These examples might help us see what early problems influenced much later problems (see Revolution!)

Rebellions/Conflict  Bacon’s Rebellion (not in NC)  Culpepper Rebellion  Cary Rebellion  Tuscarora War

Colonial Government and Rebellion  Few could vote  Only men  White, 21 years old  Property owners (50 acres or more) (think 37 football fields of space or half the Magic Kingdom!)

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina  Created by the 8 Lord Proprietors  1669 – established colonial government  “Grand Model” – each settler would obey a strict social order (intended to be like Feudalism)  Yeomen – small farmer (bottom of chain) paid taxes/obeyed the landgraves (large land owners)  Palatine – governor of the colony, chosen from the Proprietors

1. Bacon’s Rebellion  1676 in the Virginia Colony  Nathaniel Bacon – Planter from England  Angry with Governor Berkeley

Bacon’s Rebellion  1676: Greed in Virginia for rich farmlands pushes settlers into conflict with natives  Settlers desire to move onto treaty- protected lands  29 year-old Nathaniel Bacon petitions gov’t to approve war with natives

Bacon’s Rebellion  Unhappy about low tobacco prices, limits on voting rights, rule by an aristocratic minority, and lack of protection from the Native Americans

Bacon’s Rebellion  Governor refuses, Bacon attacks anyway  Eventually, Bacon sees the Gov’t as a obstacle  Bacon wages war on the gov’t and burns down the capital (Jamestown)  Bacon dies of dysentery, rebellion eventually fades out  Largely unsuccessful, but Berkeley (governor) did step down

2. Culpeper’s Rebellion  1677 – rebellion against the Navigation Acts  Monopolized colonial trade for England (only English merchants and ships to England)  Tariffs/Export Taxes placed on colonial products  Tobacco was usually shipped to Boston and other goods to the West Indies

Resistance and Conflict  George Durant…WHO?

George Durant  Wanted chance to grow more tobacco with less effort and expense  Durant’s home became the center of Albemarle for business, social gatherings, and courthouse

Thomas Miller and Thomas Eastchurch  Supported Proprietors  Went to England to explain situation (“deplorable behavior”)  Eastchurch appointed governor of Carolina; Miller, tax collector  1677 – Miller sailed to Albemarle, attempted to arrest Durant – Durant’s supporters rescued him led by Gen. John Culpeper, captured Miller  “Culpeper’s Rebellion”

Aftermath  Miller escaped; returned to England to meet with the proprietors  Proprietors blamed Miller, refused to punish rebels  Colonists would govern themselves through a new Assembly created in Albemarle

3. Cary’s Rebellion  The Vestry Act and Test Act  Designed to ensure Anglican rule  Vestry Act – new tax used to build Anglican Churches  Test Act – elected officials must swear on bible to uphold Anglican faith

Quakers, Lutherans, and Catholics  All offended and angered  Quakers protest by petitioning Lord Proprietors  Thomas Cary (Governor) is fired, Edward Hyde replaced him  Attempts to enforce acts

Cary’s Rebellion  Cary supported Quakers and religious dissenters  Hoped to get his job back  Elections held (1708), Cary wins!  – Cary allows Quakers to hold office without swearing

Thomas Cary

English Response  Cary replaced with Hyde  Cary sailed on Pamlico, fired on Hyde’s home  Caused major disruption in Carolina, represented a diminished role for Quakers in state politics

4. Tuscarora  Native American territory to west  Used as slaves by colonists  Population decline from 120,000 to 16,000 in a century  New technology = guns, glass beads, clothing, alcohol, etc..

Buildup to War  1711 – New Bern settled in Tuscarora territory  John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenreid and an African slave leave on expedition into Tuscarora territory  Captured, Lawson killed – others were released later

The Tuscarora War  Tuscarora decide to try to push Europeans out of Carolina  Grievances:  Kidnapping and enslaving their people  Alcohol  Cheated during trade  Poor treatment by Europeans

The Tuscarora War  Native Americans attack Bath County  Plan to destroy all plantation  Hundreds killed (even children)  Women and children taken as slaves  Dead left for dogs and vultures

Results  NC calls for aid from South Carolina and Virginia  1713 – South Carolina responds with Catawba and Yamassee Indians  Tuscarora defeated at Ft. Neoheroka  1000 were killed/enslaved, forced out of NC to NY

Journal – wrap-up  Answer the following question in your journal in 3-5 sentences:  What is something that the U.S. government could do that would make you want to revolt or leave the country? Explain your answer.