Cross-National Impact of Victim Offender Mediation Mark S. Umbreit, Ph.D. Center for Restorative Justice & Peacemaking University of Minnesota College of Education & Human Development School of Social Work

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Total Aggregate Sample ____ victims ____ victims ____ offenders (juveniles) Multiple Sites - Albuquerque - Austin, TX - Oakland, CA - Minneapolis

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Victim Satisfaction Referral of Case to VOM 79% of victims of juvenile crime were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation: victims in VOM were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those in the comparison group (normal court process).79% of victims of juvenile crime were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation: victims in VOM were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those in the comparison group (normal court process).

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Offender Satisfaction Referral of Case to VOM 87% of juvenile offenders were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation.87% of juvenile offenders were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation.

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Victim Perception of Fairness of VOM Process 83% victims of juvenile crime felt mediation process was fair.83% victims of juvenile crime felt mediation process was fair.

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Victim Perception of Fairness of VOM Process Victims in VOM were significantly more likely to experience fairness than those in the comparison group (normal court process).Victims in VOM were significantly more likely to experience fairness than those in the comparison group (normal court process).

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Offender Perception of Fairness of VOM Process 89% of juvenile offenders felt the mediation process was fair.89% of juvenile offenders felt the mediation process was fair.

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Victim Satisfaction with Mediation Outcome 90% of victims of juvenile crime were satisfied with mediation outcome.90% of victims of juvenile crime were satisfied with mediation outcome.

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Offender Satisfaction with Mediation Outcome 91% of juvenile offenders were satisfied with mediation outcome.91% of juvenile offenders were satisfied with mediation outcome.

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Restitution Completion Juvenile offenders in VOM were significantly more likely to complete restitution payment to victims (81%) than similar offenders in the comparison group (normal court process).Juvenile offenders in VOM were significantly more likely to complete restitution payment to victims (81%) than similar offenders in the comparison group (normal court process).

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Recidivism Juvenile offenders in VOM were significantly less likely to commit a new offense (18%) than similar offenders in the comparison group (27%).Juvenile offenders in VOM were significantly less likely to commit a new offense (18%) than similar offenders in the comparison group (27%).

UNITED STATES Multi-Site Study of 4 Programs in 4 States (Umbreit, 1994) Victim Fear of Re-victimization Victims of juvenile crime were significantly less fearful of being victimized by the offender after meeting them (10%), than before (23%).Victims of juvenile crime were significantly less fearful of being victimized by the offender after meeting them (10%), than before (23%).

CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995) Victim Satisfaction Referral of Case to VOM Referral of Case to VOM 78% of victims of adult and juvenile crime were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation: victims in VOM were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those in the comparison group (normal court process).78% of victims of adult and juvenile crime were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation: victims in VOM were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those in the comparison group (normal court process).

CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995) Offender Satisfaction with Referral of Case to VOM 74% of adult and juvenile offenders were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation: offenders in VOM were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those in the comparison group (normal court process).74% of adult and juvenile offenders were satisfied with the justice system referral of their case to mediation: offenders in VOM were significantly more likely to be satisfied than those in the comparison group (normal court process).

CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995) Victim Perception of Fairness of VOM Process 80% victims of adult and juvenile crime felt mediation process was fair: victims in VOM were signifi-cantly more likely to experience fairness than those in the comparison group (normal court process).80% victims of adult and juvenile crime felt mediation process was fair: victims in VOM were signifi-cantly more likely to experience fairness than those in the comparison group (normal court process).

CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995) Offender Perception of Fairness of VOM Process 80% of adult and juvenile offenders felt the mediation process was fair: offenders in VOM were significantly more likely to experience fairness than those in the comparison group (normal court process).80% of adult and juvenile offenders felt the mediation process was fair: offenders in VOM were significantly more likely to experience fairness than those in the comparison group (normal court process).

Victim Satisfaction with Mediation Outcome 89% of victims of adult and juvenile crime were satisfied with mediation outcome.89% of victims of adult and juvenile crime were satisfied with mediation outcome. CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995)

Offender Satisfaction with Mediation Outcome 91% of juvenile offenders were satisfied with mediation outcome.91% of juvenile offenders were satisfied with mediation outcome.

CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995) Victim Perception of Fairness of Restitution Agreements 92% of victims of adult and juvenile crime felt the mediated restitution agreement was fair.92% of victims of adult and juvenile crime felt the mediated restitution agreement was fair.

Offender Perception of Fairness of Restitution Agreements 92% of adult and juvenile offenders felt the mediated restitution agreement was fair.92% of adult and juvenile offenders felt the mediated restitution agreement was fair. CANADA Multi-site Study of 4 Programs in 4 Provinces (Umbreit, 1995)