Chapter 6, Section 3 Radical Days Escalating violence & Reign of Terror ( )

Radicals abolished the Monarchy Because of losing battles to Prussians, Parisians –Stormed kings’ castle –Murdered his guards “September Massacres” –Citizens attacked prisons –Killed nobles & priests

French Republic Monarchy abolished in 1792 –Republic declared –Radicals took control of National Assembly; new law making body was National Convention Jacobins controlled Convention –Seized control of nobles’ land –Did away with titles of nobles Suffrage (right to vote) given to all males –Even those who did not own land

Louis XVI & Marie Convention tried Louis XVI as a traitor in January of –Put him to death; Jan. 1793, beheaded Oct. 1793, Marie Antoinette was also beheaded.

Problems for France 1793 France at war with: –Prussia –Britain –Netherlands –Spain Conflict at home from royalists & priests- led peasants, sans-culottes Fighting between the Jacobins & Girondins!

Committee of Public Safety Formed to deal with threats to France –12 members & almost absolute power –Required all citizens to contribute to war effort

Young Military Officers Young officers developed new & better battle methods –Over-ran Netherlands –Invaded Italy –Crushed peasant revolt

Robespierre Battled Counter-Revolutionaries within French Government Believed in general will of the people Promoted religious toleration Wanted to abolish slavery

Robespierre Battled Counter- Revolutionaries within French Government As head of Comm. of Public Safety ( ) & leader of Reign of Terror Short, quick trials 40,000 died, 15% middle class; 70% peasants & sans culottes Guillotine used & became symbol of horror

Robespierre Battled Counter- Revolutionaries within French Government Members of Leg. Convention turned on Comm. of Public Safety July 1794, Robespierre was arrested & executed Executions slowed down

Reaction to Terror 3rd constitution since 1789 – Constitution of 1795 –Five-man Directory –Two-house legislature elected by male citizens with property Dominant force –Middle class –Professionals of bourgeoisie

Reaction to Terror Peace with: –Prussia –Spain War continued with: –Britain –Austria Election of 1797 supporters of constitutional monarchy won most of the seats in legislature

Impact Revolution had on Women Working class women –Protested & fought in street battles –Led by Jeanne Roland Olympe de Gouges Declaration of Rights of Women –Demanded equal rights for women –Opposed “Terror” & accused Jacobins Women gained some rights (lost when Napoleon came to power) –Divorce made easier –Allowed to inherit property

Impact Revolution had on Daily Life “Citizen” –Now people of all classes –Clothing became more practical (no more powdered wigs or ruffled shirts) Nationalism, strong feeling of pride for one’s country –Spread throughout France Civic festivals with dances & songs “La Marseillaise” became national anthem

Social Reforms State schools Helped poor, soldiers & war widows Abolished slavery in Caribbean colonies Religious toleration