Wednesday 8/12/15; Thursday 8/13/15 O The syllabus quiz will be completed first O Number a lined sheet of paper #1-15 please! O Please write your name on the tab of the manila folder as well ( I will pass a sharpie around) O You have 5 minutes to look over the syllabus silently before we begin! (only 2A-haven’t taken it the first time) O Good luck Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Unit 1 Louisiana's Physical and Cultural Geography

Lessons 1-3 Objectives I can use time zones in the United States or the International Date Line to I can interpret a map or representation of a globe and calculate current times in different places? I can locate major landforms and geographic features, places, and bodies of water/waterways on a map of Louisiana? I can students construct a map based on narrative information? I can students construct a chart or diagram to display geographical information in an organized way? I can describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions? I can describe ways in which location and physical features have influenced historical events in Louisiana and the development of the state? I can explain how or why specific regions are changing as a result of physical phenomena? I can identify and describe factors that cause a Louisiana region to change?

Lesson 1 Basic Map Skills

Lesson 1: Basic Map Skills Identify the continents and oceans Recognize basic parts of a map Understand basic map skills—longitude, latitude, scale, etc. Examine different geographical features of Louisiana

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What are the world’s oceans? 

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What are the world’s oceans?  Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian, Southern (surrounds Antarctica)

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What are the world’s continents? 

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What are the world’s continents?  Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What ocean do you cross when traveling from the United States to Europe? Africa? Australia? 

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What ocean do you cross when traveling from the United States to Europe? Africa? Australia?  Atlantic; Atlantic; Pacific

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What continent do you cross when traveling east from the United States to Russia? 

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography What continent do you cross when traveling east from the United States to Russia?  Europe

What ’ s on a map?  Maps have a lot of information.  You need to know how to read them.  There are several parts to a map which explain details and help you really see where you are and where you're going.

Parts of a map  Legend  Compass Rose  Cardinal Directions  Scale

Legend  Help you decode the symbols used on a map.  Also called a key.  The “ clues ” on this map include symbols for parts of a fairground.

Compass Rose  The compass rose shows the cardinal directions on a map: north, south, east, and west.

Scale  The scale helps you measure the distance between two places. When you know the distance you can calculate how long the trip will take.

Types of Maps Some Types of Maps are:  Political –shows boundaries, states, countries, that are man made  Reference  Physical –shows natural features, i.e., water, landforms, etc.  Historical  Economic  Road map

World Map  The 7 large land areas are the continents. (North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica)  The 4 largest bodies of water are the oceans. (Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian)

Location Location and distance are stated using a system known as latitude and longitude. Two Types: absolute location for a place is the exact spot on the earth’s surface where a place is found. The line of latitude is always read first followed by the line of longitude. Relative location:

 Parallels measure a location ’ s distance N or S. of the equator and run from E to W.  Latitude is measured in degrees from 0 to 90.  Famous line of latitude is the equator and it is 0 degrees. It runs around the center of the earth and divides the earth in half. Latitude

Longitude  Meridians measure a location ’ s distance E or W of the prime meridian and run from N to S.  Longitude is measured in degrees from 0 to 180.  Famous line of longitude is the Prime Meridian and it is 0 degrees. It runs around the center of the earth through Greenwich, England and divides the earth in half.

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Time Zones  Earth has 24 time zones.  United States has six.  Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern are the four time zones in the contiguous (connected) United States.

 The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. For this reason, the earth is divided into 24 standard time zones, one time zone for each hour in the day.  The earth rotates towards the east, which means that if you cross into the next time zone to the east, it is one hour later. If you cross into the next time zone in the west, it is one hour earlier.

 The International Date Line plays an important role in time zones. It is located at 180 degrees longitude.  If you are standing on the east side of the International Date Line it is one day (Monday); however, on the west side, it is a day ahead (Tuesday)  LA is in the central time zone.

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

O Add an hour as you move east O Subtract an hour as you move west

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lets Review 10 Minutes “What's your zone”

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Lesson 1 Closure Objective: Can students use time zones in the United States or the International Date Line to Interpret a map or representation of a globe and calculate current times in different places? Did we meet the objective for today?  I can locate major landforms and geographic features, places, and bodies of water/waterways on a map of Louisiana?  I can construct a map based on narrative information?

Louisiana ’ s Geography

States that border LA  Mississippi—East (33 ْ N)  Texas—West (94 ْ W)  Arkansas—North (33 ْ N)

Waterways that border LA East  Upper east--MS River  Lower east-- Pearl River West  Toledo Bend  Sabine River South  Gulf of Mexico

A Geologic History All Its Own  Geology: The study of how the earth was formed  Pangaea: 250 million years ago, the world ’ s landmass was one giant continent.  Pangaea was also known as “ All Land. ”  At end of Paleozoic Era, Pangaea began breaking apart, and the continents drifted away from one another.  Ocean formed between continents; Gulf of Mexico formed.

Pangaea

Gulf Coastal Plain  During the Ice Age, much of the world ’ s water was trapped in glaciers.  Ocean levels were about 400 feet lower than today.  The glaciers froze and melted several times.  As the glaciers melted, the Mississippi River flooded the Louisiana coastline.  Mississippi River deposited sediment into the Gulf of Mexico, filling in part of it.  Sediment: suspended particles of dirt and sand carried by rivers  Coastal plains developed.  Coastal plain: relatively low flat region built up by river sediment  Continental shelf: the edge of landmass where the Gulf ’ s floor drops off into very deep water  The Gulf Coastal Plain is formed of layers of river sediment.  Louisiana is the only state that lies entirely on the Gulf Coastal Plain.

Closure: How did we meet our daily objectives?  Identify the continents and oceans  Recognize basic parts of a map  Understand basic map skills—longitude, latitude, scale, etc.  Examine different geographical features of Louisiana

Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography 1.North America 2.South America 3.Africa 4.Asia 5.Europe Match the letters on the map with the places and physical features of the earth. 6.Australia 7.Antarctica 8.Indian Ocean 9.Atlantic Ocean 10.Pacific Ocean Closure: Map Quiz

Lesson 2 Rivers and Coastal Erosion Objectives  Appreciate the geography of Louisiana  Identify problems/ propose solutions for Louisiana ’ s wetlands and coast  Understand the impact of natural disasters on Louisiana and the effects of them

Rivers  Rivers ’ sediment creates the land.  Rivers ’ movement shapes the land. Floodplains  A floodplain is a low flat valley with swamps, lakes and deciduous trees. It also serves as a reservoir to hold excess water when the river floods. Deltas  Formed when a river flows into an ocean  Mississippi Delta: where the river enters the Gulf of Mexico

Coastal Marshes  Wet grasslands formed by river sediment deposited along the coast  Freshwater, saltwater, or brackish (mixture) depending on nearness to the ocean

Coastal Erosion  One of Louisiana ’ s biggest ecological problems  More than 35 square miles of land is lost each year. Going…Going…Gone? Causes of Coastal Erosion  As the river abandons its original delta, sediment no longer rebuilds the coastline.  Pounding waves and severe storms accelerate erosion.  Global warming causes ocean levels to rise, which causes coastal marshes to disappear.  Levee systems force sediment into the deep waters of the Gulf, where it cannot settle and rebuild the coastlines.

Coastal Area At Risk

Human Interference Damaging Practices  Dammed rivers create reservoirs that trap the sediment that would otherwise refresh the marshland.  The search for oil involves the construction of pipelines and canals that allow saltwater intrusion, which kills the marsh grasses that hold soil in place.  Marshlands may sink because of vast holes created by underground drilling for oil and/or salt. Preservation Measures  Grasses are being planted to keep soil intact.  Sand is pumped onto barrier islands to reinforce them.  Caernarvon Diversion Project and Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion

What are wetlands? Wetlands- swamps, marsh, and other areas that have a natural supply of water and are covered or soaked with water at least part of the year.

Uses of LA ’ s wetlands  Recreational opportunities  Thriving habitats  Wildlife pantry  Water filter (maintains water quality)  Storm buffer/controls flooding  Economic resource Unit 1: Louisiana’s Physical and Cultural Geography

Problems facing LA Wetlands  Coastal Erosion  Flooding  Natural Causes: subsidence, wave erosion, salt water intrusion, sea level rising, tropical storms/hurricanes  Human Causes: because of our ever-increasing population, humans have eliminated or converted millions of acres of wetlands for other uses. We drain wetlands to create more land for agriculture and urban development. Louisiana ’ s wetlands are disappearing at a rate of one football field EVERY 30 MINUTES

Louisiana animals are losing their habitat.

What can we do to help?  Get Involved!  Save Water (reduced amount of water going through sewage treatment plants)  Dispose of household products, pesticides, and other chemicals carefully  Help to control soil erosion (reduce hard surfaces around your home)  Recycle your Christmas Trees!  Conservation  Regulate Use  Restoration Projects (EX: replanting marsh grasses)

Closure Lesson 2 Can students describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions? Can students describe ways in which location and physical features have influenced historical events in Louisiana and the development of the state? Can students explain how or why specific regions are changing as a result of physical phenomena? Can students identify and describe factors that cause a Louisiana region to change?

Lesson 3 Louisiana ’ s Natural Resources  Appreciate the natural resources found in Louisiana  Identify Louisiana ’ s natural resources and locate them on a map

Salt Domes  Ancient seas dried up, leaving a layer of salt and other minerals exposed on the ocean floor. Famous Salt Domes The Five Islands  Jefferson Island  Avery Island  Weeks Island  Cote Blanche  Belle Isle

Louisiana ’ s Natural Resources  Mississippi delta is rich with natural resources. Sulphur  Closely associated with salt domes  Used to make acids, fertilizer, rubber, paper, and other products  One of Louisiana’s important minerals Oil  Oil production has been the most important part of our economy for many years. Coal  Created when organic material is compressed by layers of sediment

Physical and Cultural Geography Geography: the study of places, their locations, and their physical and human characteristics Physical geography: the study of landforms, oceans, weather, and climate Cultural geography: the study of how people have interacted with, changed, and adapted to different places on the earth Louisiana ’ s physical geography has shaped its cultural geography.

Geographic Location  Resembles a boot  Florida Parishes stretch from Baton Rouge to Hammond to Bogalusa  Of the 50 states, LA ranks 31st in size  3,600 square miles of water (1/4 of the state is wet)

Boundaries Four natural boundaries: Mississippi River to the east Pearl River to the east Gulf of Mexico to the south Sabine River to the west Three artificial boundaries: 33 north latitude: Separates Louisiana and Arkansas 31 north latitude: Separates the Florida Parishes from Mississippi 94 west longitude: Separates Louisiana from Texas

Louisiana ’ s Boundaries

Closure: How did we meet our daily objectives?. Can students describe and analyze the distinguishing physical and/or human characteristics of Louisiana regions?. Can students construct a chart or diagram to display geographical information in an organized way?

Lets Review Mapping Louisiana Activity Packet