Types of Memory Declarative Memory: - Episodic Memory - Semantic Memory Implicit Memory Procedural Memory Prospective Remembering

The Information-Processing Model of Memory

Evidence for the Information- Processing Model of Memory Physiological Evidence Typical Confusion Errors Serial Position Effect Retrograde Amnesia

Why Does Forgetting Occur? STM – Primarily interference, although time plays a role LTM – Almost entirely interference; It is usually a retrieval failure

Levels of Processing Theory: A Popular Alternative to the Information-Processing Model There is no separate STM & LTM The depth at which you process an incoming stimulus Determines how well it is remembered Deeper processing leads to better memory

Levels of Processing: An Example A memory experiment where subjects process information in one of three ways: Physical Appearance: “Is the word printed in capital letters? Acoustic Processing: “Does the word rhyme with ‘pain’?” Semantic Processing: “Does the word fit in the following sentence?: Bill ate the ________ for lunch yesterday.”

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Filter Models of Attention (Broadbent, 1954) Filter Models of Attention (Broadbent, 1954)

Capacity Models of Attention (Kahneman, 1973) Capacity Models of Attention (Kahneman, 1973)

Template Models of Pattern Recognition Template Models of Pattern Recognition

Feature Detection Models of Pattern Recognition (Pandemonium Model: Selfridge, 1959)

Why is Eyewitness Testimony so Unreliable? Perceptual Errors ◦ Inadequate Attention ◦ Less than ideal perceptual circumstances ◦ Selective Perception (e.g., Weapon Focus) The Way Police Lineups are Used The Nature of Questioning Ineptitude with Numerical Information Rehearsal