1 Chapter 3 Socialization

2 The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society. Socialization is the essential link between the individual and society.

3 Why Socialization Is Important Teaches us ways to think, talk and act that are necessary for social living. Ensures that members of society are socialized to support the existing social structure. Allows society to pass culture on to the next generation.

4 The necessity of socialization for social behavior Harry Harlow’s experiments with monkeys The case of “Genie”

5 How Much Do You Know About Early Socialization and Child Care? True or False ? The average annual salary of a child-care worker is less than the average yearly salaries for funeral attendants or garbage collectors.

6 How Much Do You Know About Early Socialization and Child Care? True. The average salary for a child-care worker is only $15,430 per year, which is less than the yearly salaries for people in many other employment categories.

7 Human Development Each of us is a product of two forces: 1. Heredity- “nature” Determines our physical makeup. 2. Social environment -“nurture.” Determines how we develop and behave.

8 Freud’s Theory of Personality Human development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of personality: Id Ego Superego

9 Freud’s Theory of Personality

10 The Looking-Glass Self 1. We imagine how we look to others. 2. We imagine how other people judge the appearance that we think we present. If we think the evaluation is favorable our self-concept is enhanced. If we think the evaluation is unfavorable, our self-concept is diminished.

11 Case Study: Social definitions of beauty and self-esteem Black Doll Versus White Doll

12 Agents of Socialization Family Peer Group School Mass Media

13 Functionalist Perspective: Functions of Schools Teach students to be productive members of society. Transmit culture. Social control and personal development. Select, train, and place individuals on different rungs in society.

14 Conflict Perspective: Schools Experiences depend on social class, racial–ethnic background, gender, and other factors. Children learn to be neat, punctual, quiet, wait their turn, and remain attentive to their work. Schools socialize children for later roles in the work force.

15 Youth Subculture 1. Compulsory education 2. Long transitional period between adolescence and adult roles has led to the development of a new life stage – the single, sexually active adult without family responsibilities. 3. Rapid technological change leads to a generation gap in tastes and lifestyles

16 Media As Socializing Agents 1. Inform us about events. 2. Introduce us to a variety of people. 3. Provide an array of viewpoints on current issues. 4. Make us aware of products that will supposedly help us. 5. Entertain us.

17 Resocialization Often takes place in a “total institution” All aspects of life strictly controlled Stripping of previous social roles Previous self concept eliminated