PHYSIOLOGY REPRODUCTION
Oogenesis: Egg Cell Formation Oogonia mitosis ceases before birth At birth: only primary oocytes – suspended in prophase of meiosis I (= prophase I)
Oogenesis after Birth: At puberty: ↑ estrogen initiates ovarian cycle ovulation 2nd meiotic division completed after fertilization
Growth and Aging Puberty ( GnRH) Menopause Andropause in girls = menarche Average 12 y In boys, later (harder to pinpoint a time) Menopause Irregular menstrual periods and cessation Andropause Similar drop in androgens
The ampulla, fimbriae, and infundibulum are anatomical features of the Uterus Cervix Vagina Fallopian tubes
Spermatogenesis Seminiferous tubules Sertoli cells: androgen binding protein blood testes barrier etc. Leydig cells testosterone vs. DHT
On average the process of ovulation occurs every 2-3 days 14-15 days 28-30 days 8-9 months
Development of the embryo takes place in the tissue layer of the uterus known as the Perimetrium Endometrium Myometrium Neurometrium
The corpus luteum forms from the Residual cells of the follicle Ectoderm and endoderm cells Ciliated cells of the Fallopian tube Greater vestibular gland
During days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle The level of progesterone is lowest The uterine lining is removed from the body Ovulation takes place The corpus luteum secretes progesterone The corpus luteum secretes estrogen
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Biosynthetic Pathway for Steroid Hormones Theca cells Synthesize androgens Granulosa cells convert androgens to estrogen diffusion
The epithelium cells that produce sperm cells are located in the testes within the Seminiferous tubules Vas deferens Corpus spongiosum Ampulla Prostate Gland
The chromosomes of a sperm cell are contained Within the flagellum Packed in the head of the cell Within the acrosome of the cell In the neck of the sperm cell
Secretions of the seminal vesicle Are alkaline Pass into the testes Are acidic Contain sperm cells
The general term given to male sex hormones is Estrogen Thymosins Androgens Prostaglandins Testosterones
Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? LH GnRH FSH Testosterone CRH