Caenorhabditis elegans

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Presentation transcript:

Caenorhabditis elegans Quite a nifty li’l worm.

The Basics C. elegans is a small worm one millimeter long. There are two sexes, a male and a self fertilizing hermaphrodite. Its inner workings are similar to a human’s, which is part of the reason its considered a model organism. Widely studied, C. elegans is a popular test subject among neurology researchers and has had many papers published on it in an array of of topics. Currently there are 342 papers listed under PubMed for C. elegans.

Who sequenced it? The Sanger Institute and Washington University. When? While research on C. elegans began 1968 by Sydney Brenner, its genome wasn’t published until 1998 and not fully complete until 2002. Why? Research began on C. elegans because of interest its nervous and developmental systems, as they are very similar to humans. It is still being used in research for these same reasons.

Because C. elegans is a eukaryote it contains a nucleus Because C. elegans is a eukaryote it contains a nucleus. Within that nucleus are 6 chromosomes that contain a total of 100,000,000 base pairs with roughly 19,800 genes. A related organism, C. briggsae, is in the process of being sequenced. These two are often compared to each other for reference.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) RNA vs. DNA RNA-world hypothesis

RNA species -messenger RNA (mRNA) -transfer RNA (tRNA) -ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -catalytic RNA (ribozymes) -small interfering RNA (siRNA) -ncRNAs (miRNA, tncRNA,piRNA...) rRNA www.contexo.info/DNA_Basics/Protein_synthesis.htm

Gene silencing by dsRNA unc-22 dsRNA progeny of injected worm control

RNA interference (RNAi) The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medizine 2006 for Craig Mello and Andrew Fire for their discovery of RNAi in C.elegans nobelprize.org

RNAi mechanism in C.elegans: basic scheme less mRNA, less protein = gene silencing

RNAi conserved mechanism (at least 1 000 000 000 (=thousand billion) years old) roles primitive immune system gene regulatory mechanism (via mRNA destruction) chromatin remodelling (via histone modifications) DNA elimination (in Tetrahymena thermophila) tool functional genomics potential for pharmaceuticals