The Beginnings of Industrialization

The Industrial Revolution Definition: the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s

The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way Wealthy landowners began buying small farms, putting up a fence around the larger fields: enclosures POS: tried new agricultural methods NEG: forced small farmers to move to city or tenant farm

1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill: boosted crop yields

Crop rotation: rotating crops to keep soil rich (wheat depleted resources, and turnips restore nutrients) Selective Breeding: started breeding best animals only=increased food supply=increased population

Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England Britain had all factors of production: resources needed to produce goods and services LAND LABORCAPITAL

Industrialization: the process of developing machine production of goods; requires natural resources Other Factors: Britain’s economy was expanding (ex: banks gave loans) Britain had political stability (ex: no wars)

Inventions Spur Industrialization First industry to be transformed was textile industry major inventions like: Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Water Frame

machines too large for homes, moved to factories: large buildings near water Eli Whitney’s cotton gin 1793: cotton production skyrocketed

Improvements in Transportation James Watt built a faster, more efficient steam engine Entrepreneur: a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business Robert Fulton built the first steamboat Canals (human-made waterways) were created to improve water transportation in England John McAdam improved roads-led to tollroads

The railway Age Begins After 1820 railroad locomotive(steam engine on wheels) drove England’s industry 1804 Richard Trevithick built steam-driven locomotive 1830 Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened 4 major effects of locomotive: 1) spurred industrial growth bc cheap way to transport goods 2) created new jobs 3)boosted agricultural and fishing industries bc could transport products to far cities 4)allowed ppl to take far city jobs