THE MUSLIM WORLD

The Rise Of Islam p Arabian Peninsula- crossroads for 3 continents: trade routes of land/sea—exchange of ideas/ goods Europe, Africa, Asia

Arabs developed a ____________ lifestyle b/c of the lack of arable land Bedouins- nomadic Desert nomads

The Prophet Muhammad As Mohammad meditated in a ____________ outside of the city of ___________ the angel Gabriel appeared & told him that he was to be a messenger of god (___________) cave Mecca Allah

Muhammad had ___________success teaching about Allah; The ____________: In 622, Muhammad & his followers moved to the town of Yathrib (changed to ____________- “city of the prophet”); is very successful; returned to take the city of __________ in 630 with 10,000 followers little Hijrah Medina Mecca

Beliefs&PracticesOf Islam p Islam literally means: _______________________________________ A member of Islam is a ___________ (one who submits) The main teaching of Islam is: there is ___ god, ______ Other Beliefs: in angels –in a day of judgment –god controls everything –good/ evil Submission to the will of god Muslim 1 Allah

The Five Pillars of Islam: 1. Shahadah (Faith) to become a Muslim, one must testify the following statement of faith: “There is no god but Allah & Muhammad is his messenger” 2. Salah (Prayer) Muslims pray 5 times a day facing the city of Mecca; –a Mosque is an Islamic house of worship 3. Zakah (Alms) charity given to the poor; about 2 ½% income 4. Sawm (Fasting) during the holy month of Ramadan; Muslims do not eat/drink between sun up/ sun down; this is to remind them that their spiritual needs are greater than their physicalneeds 5. Hajj (Pilgrimage) a religious journey to Mecca

Do not eat _________- believe it is unclean Do not drink __________ Holy day- __________ NO PRIEST OR CENTRAL RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY Holy book- _________ ________- Muhammad’s example- the best model for proper living; WWMD? _________- body of Islamic law that regulates the family life, moral conduct, & business/ community life of Muslims Pork Alcohol Friday Quran Sunna Shari’a Pause Here

3/4 –1. What is the Arabic word for God? –2. List the 5 pillars of Islam & summarize what they entail. –3. In what peninsula did Islam begin? –4. What do Muslims think about the Bible and the Torah? FYI: QUIZ Thursday (it might be hard)

3/4 Warm up 1.What are the five pillars of Islam? 2.What does “Islam” Mean? 3.What is one new thing you learned about Islam yesterday? 4.Draw three pictures that best summarize Muhammad’s story.

Day 2: Islam Expands p Muhammad died without leaving a successor

Four “rightly guided” caliphs (leader) knew Muhammad Abu-Bakr -used force to assert authority of Islam Umar, Uthman, & Ali (next 3 “rightly guided” caliphs) Islamic soldiers on camels expanded the Muslim empire By 750, the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 miles –(from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River Valley)

Treatment of Conquered People Didn’t force conversion to Islam “People of the Book”: ___________________________________ –paid more in ______; exempt from __________ Jews & Christians taxesmilitary

Umayyad family came to power –created a hereditary system of rule –moved capital to Damascus Islam split into 3 sects: Shi’a: believed caliph didn’t need to know/be related to Muhammad/ rightly guided caliphs Sunni: believed caliph should be related to Muhammad/ rightly guided caliphs Sufi: a Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with god through mystical means

Muslim Culture p The Rise of Muslim Cities (900) –Baghdad*900,000 –Constantinople*400,000 –Codobal*250,000 –Rome50,000 –Paris38,000

Abbasid Dynasty moved the capital to Iraq

Social Classes Upper Class: 2 nd Class: 3 rd Class: Lowest Classes: Muslims at birth Converts to Islam “People of the Book” (Jews & Christians) Non Muslim/ slaves

Role of Women Mixed messages in the Had property/economic rights than European women Responsibilities varied based on Could participate in public life/education- led increasingly life All Muslim women have to cover their face in public Quran more income isolated do not

Muslim Scholarship Muslims preserved scholarship as ______________ fell into a period of chaos after the fall of the ___________________ __________________a library, school, translation center in Baghdad Advances made in Math, Science, Astronomy Arabic Numerals ex._________ Al-jabr=______________________ Writing _________ dates make to the Muslim Empire Europe Roman Empire House of Wisdom 1,2,3,4,5 Algebra checks

Islamic Art Quran forbade the depiction of living thing b/c only can create life –Calligraphy- –Geometric Patterns Allah –the art of beautiful hand writing

“In the name of Allah, most merciful, most kind”