Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees With text and Images from Sterns Botany Online Visual Library, Jimmy Walters, S.C. Forestry Commission, Dr. Tom.

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Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees With text and Images from Sterns Botany Online Visual Library, Jimmy Walters, S.C. Forestry Commission, Dr. Tom Smiley, Bartlett Tree Experts and USDA Forest Service Publication by Alex Shigo

CODIT (Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees) Four walls of defense against decay & pathogens: Wall 1: Inhibits movement of decay organisms in a vertical direction (weakest wall). Wall 2: Inhibits movement of decay organisms inward (second weakest). Wall 3: Ray cells inhibit movement of decay around the stem (strongest wall at the time of wounding). Wall 4: New wood formed by cambium after wounding (strongest wall). From Jimmy Walters, SC Forestry Commission

Wall 1. After being wounded, the tree responds in a dynamic way by plugging the vertical vascular system above and below the wound. The conducting elements-vessels in angiosperms and tracheids in Gymnosperms are plugged in various ways: tyloses, gum deposits pit asperations, etc. The pIugged elements complete the transverse top and bottom walls of the compartments. Wall 1 is the weakest wall. From Tree Decay an Expanded Concept, USDA FORESTRY SERVICE publication by Alex Shigo

Wall 2. The last cells to form in each growth ring make up the tangential walls of the compartments. These walls are CONTINUOUS around each growth ring--except where sheets of ray cells pass through. Wall 2 is the second weakest wall. From Tree Decay an Expanded Concept, USDA FORESTRY SERVICE publication by Alex Shigo

Walls 3 are the strongest walls in the tree at the &me of wounding* Wall 3. Sheets of ray cells make up the radiaI walls. They are, DISCONTINUOUS walls because they vary greatly in length, thickness, and height. Walls 3 are the strongest walls in the tree at the time of wounding. From Tree Decay an Expanded Concept, USDA FORESTRY SERVICE publication by Alex Shigo

Wall 4. After a tree is wounded. the cambium begins to form a new protective wall. The wall is both an anatomical and a chemicaI wall. This wall separates the tissue present at the time of wounding & new tissue that forms after. It is the strongest of the four walls. From Tree Decay an Expanded Concept, USDA FORESTRY SERVICE publication by Alex Shigo

Wood Decay From Jimmy Walters, SC Forestry Commission

Wood Response to Wounding Compartmentalization Four boundries 1. Up/Down - vessel plugging 2. Inward – annual rings 3. Around – rays 4. New wood Dr. Tom Smiley Bartlett Tree Experts