Chapter 2 Concepts of Technology PowerPoint: By Mr. Ahrens Peshtigo Middle/High School Textbook: Introduction to Technology By Pierce and Karwatka

Chapter 2 Concepts of Technology  Section 2A TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES Section 2A TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES Seven technology resources New ideas and inventions Six simple machines  Section 2B TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS Section 2B TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS Systems and subsystems Open- and closed-loop systems Systems play a part in technology  Section 2C DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OR PRODUCT Section 2C DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OR PRODUCT Development of products and systems Criteria and constraints, optimization, and maintenance and control Tradeoffs Positive and negative effects

Section 2A Technology Resources

What resources do you need to create technology? Seven Resources: People Information Tools and Machines Capital Time Materials Energy

Why can’t we create technology without people?  People create technology  People have imagination  People have skills Skill is what you develop when you combine knowledge and practice in order to perform an activity well

Why can’t we create technology without people? What skill is she developing? Nontraditional Occupations for Women

How do we use information to create technology?  Information leads to knowledge and understanding  We use information, skill, and natural resources to meet our needs and wants

Why are tools and machines needed to develop technology?  A tool is anything that increase your ability to do work Primary tool – a basic tool that is hand held and muscle powered

Why are tools and machines needed to develop technology?  A tool is anything that increase your ability to do work Machine – a tool with a power system that takes advantage of certain scientific laws that enable the tool to work better

Six Simple Machines 1. Wheel and Axle 2. Pulley 3. Lever 4. Incline Plane 5. Wedge 6. Screw Compound Machines

Six Simple Machines - Wheel and Axle - A wheel and axle is a wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or moves loadswheel and axle

Six Simple Machines - Pulley - A pulley uses grooved wheels and a rope or cable to raise, lower or move a loadpulley

Six Simple Machines - Lever – A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loadslever

Six Simple Machines - Incline Plane - An incline plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher levelincline plane

Six Simple Machines - Wedge - A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which can cut material apart

Six Simple Machines - Screw - A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials

Six Simple Machines - Compound Machines - A compound machines consists of two or more simple machines put togethercompound machines Most machines are compound machines Compound machines can do more difficult jobs than simple machines alone Their mechanical advantage is far greater than the simple machines would be alone

Why do we need capital to develop technology?  Capital = money, credit, or property With capital, people can acquire the other resources needed to create technology

How does time affect the development of all technology?  Everything takes time, even if measured in millionths of a second People are paid for their time they work  The results of our efforts take shape over time

Why do we need materials to develop technology?  Technology developed because people learned how to use and process various materials Raw Materials Processed Materials Manufactured Materials Synthetic Materials

Why do we need materials to develop technology? Raw Materials Materials in their natural state

Why do we need materials to develop technology? Processed Materials Raw materials that have been changed into a more useful form

Why do we need materials to develop technology? Manufactured Materials When natural resources are altered by processes that do more than merely change their size or shape

Why do we need materials to develop technology? Synthetic Materials Created artificially, “man made”

Why must we use energy to create technology?  Energy is the source of power that runs all of our technological systems  Many different sources of energy Natural or synthetic Limited or unlimited

Section 2B Technology Systems

What are systems and subsystems?  A system is made of parts that work together in an organized way to complete a task The larger the system the harder it is to control  A subsystem is a smaller system that exists within the larger system

Why do people diagram their plans?  A way of communicating ideas  Diagramming shows how one part relates to other parts

What is an open-loop system? It has no way of measuring or controlling its output/end product INPUT PROCESSOUTPUT People, Information, Tools/Machines, Materials, Energy, Time, Capital

What is a closed-loop system? Feedback measures and controls the output/end product of the system INPUT PROCESSOUTPUT FEEDBACK People, Information, Tools/Machines, Materials, Energy, Time, Capital COMPARE AND ADJUST

Section 2C Developing a System or Product

When you purchase a product, what are your primary concerns?  Would you be interested in buying this product? MUSTARD FLAVORED CANDY Only $75.00 for a 1 oz. bag

When you purchase a product, what are your primary concerns?  Is it safe?  Attractive?  Useful?  Reliable?  Reasonably priced?

What are criteria and constraints?  Criteria are requirements or specifications New World Trade Center has to memorialize those who died, accommodate a wide range of users, fit into Manhattan’s skyline  Constraints are limits Site of new World Trade Center is 16 acres

Why should price be only one of the many considerations when designing a product?  One goal is to create the best system, product, or process This is optimization Make most of positive features Reduce any negative features  Compromises are necessary to build the best product These are Trade-offs

How do modern control systems help you maintain performance?  Systems require maintenance to keep them working  Many products have built in control elements that keep watch over them and report any problems Prompt maintenance then prevents system failures  Some products are not worth maintaining “throw-away society”

Should we develop a new technology if it could possibly have negative effects?  Unexpected effects of technology can be positive or negative Internal combustion engine Cellular phones Video game systems Plastic – water bottles

How does technology improve your life?  Invention is a new product Something different  Innovation is a change made to an existing product Something already used but better than before

Concepts of Technology – Review Seven technology resources New ideas and inventions Six simple machines Systems and subsystems Open- and closed-loop systems Systems play a part in technology Development of products and systems Criteria and constraints, optimization, and maintenance and control Tradeoffs Positive and negative effects Return to Start