Title: Beyond Biofuels NOW! Feasible, affordable, scalable, sustainable… Not use agricultural land Not use freshwater.

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Presentation transcript:

Title: Beyond Biofuels NOW! Feasible, affordable, scalable, sustainable… Not use agricultural land Not use freshwater

©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Botryococcus braunii Gasoline (65%) Kerosene (15%) Diesel (18%) Oil (3%) Algal colony

Biodiesel crops and production: PlantGal/acre-yrBarrels/yr Soybeans50>10,000,000 Sunflower100> 1,000,000 Canola160>10,000,000 Jatropha200?some, not much Palm Oil600>10,000,000 Microalgae2,000 to 5,000~0.1 from: Benemann Algae Biomass Summit

select cultivate harvest extract purify biofuels process separate

Open circulating ponds (raceways) Algae cultivation systems on land… Closed bioreactors ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

What’s wrong with this picture?

Bioreactor

Algal Bioreactor

What’s wrong with this picture?

1: Open circulating ponds (raceways) There are challenges growing algae on land… 2: Closed photobioreactors (PBRs)

What about collecting algae from the ocean? ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Harvest wild algae? Too dilute Spatially/temporally dispersed Species composition wrong ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

O ffshore M embrane E nclosures for G rowing A lgae ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Solar Energy Gas exchange CO 2 O2O2 Temperature control wave energy mixing OMEGA Nutrients/CO 2 wastewater Osmosis ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Temperature osmosis ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Temperature Wastewater Processing CO 2 Sequestration CO 2 O2O2 DZ remediation Algae products OMEGA Benefits? Nutrient reclamation ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

OMEGA Logistics?

©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Gas-permeable membrane ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

How realistic is OMEGA?

Are we up to the engineering challenge?

©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09

Biofuels Fertilizer Biochar etc. Biofuels Fertilizer Biochar etc. Dewatering Treated Waste- water Treated Waste- water OMEGA System trent 5/30/09 Nutrients (NPK) Ocean (3.5% salt) OMEGA Water Algae Forward Osmosis

The stone age didn’t end because we ran out of stones… Yamani There is no limit to what you can accomplish If you don’t care who gets the credit... Truman

A challenge and a call to action… ©Trent/NASA ARC/18Nov09