Bellwork 10-8 I run over fields and woods all day. Under the bed at night I sit not alone. My tongue hangs out, up and to the rear, awaiting to be filled in the morning. What am I?

Physical Science Chapter 5 omg omg

The Periodic Table Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (amount of protons)

The number of elements per period varies because the number of available orbitals increases from energy level to energy level

Hydrogen

Helium

Both have all of their electrons on the first energy level

Lithium

How many energy levels are needed to hold lithium’s electrons?

Groups Each column in the periodic table is a group. Elements within a group have similar properties

Groups Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into a group.

Groups Elements in a group have similar electron configurations

Periodic Law Pattern of repeating properties is the periodic law.

What do you think the electrons of the atoms in the first group have in common?

Bellwork Without looking at your book: what period would the element Silicon be on if it has an atomic number of 14? I am weightless, but you can see me. Put me in a bucket, and I'll make it lighter. What am I?

aA aA

Bellwork Pronounced as one letter, And written with three, Two letters there are, And two only in me. I'm double, I'm single, I'm black, blue, and gray, I'm read from both ends, And the same either way. What am I?

Atomic Mass Units AMU is the mass unit assigned to atoms

Atomic Masses Atomic mass is a value that depends on the distribution of an element’s isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes.

Atomic Mass The atomic mass assigned to an element on the periodic table is a weighted average of the different isotopes of that element.

Classes of elements Take 3-4 minutes and read When you are finished I will give you further instructions

Classification Chart Create a chart classifying the three different ways in which elements are classified on a periodic table. Your chart should include: – 3 classifications – Detailed explanation of each – Illustration for each – Example of each

Bellwork # Without looking on your book… What period is this element in?

Bellwork # From the beginning of eternity To the end of time and space To the beginning of every end And the end of every place. What am I?

Classes of Elements There are several different ways to classify elements on the periodic table 3 examples are: 1)Physical state at room temperature 2)Those that occur naturally and those that do not (93+ do not occur naturally) 3)General properties (metals, nonmetals, metalloids)

Metals Most elements are metals – Good conductors – Solid at room temperature (except mercury) – Malleable – Ductile (pulled into wires) – Some are very reactive, some are not (magnesium vs. gold)

Metal reactivity k k

Transition metals Groups 3-12 Form a bridge between the metals on the left and right of the table Examples: copper and silver Some are used to tint glass

Tr

Nonmetals Properties opposite of metals Poor conductors of heat and electric current Many are gas at room temperature Great variation between nonmetals, chemical and physical

Some are very reactive, some are not at all Many form compounds, like fluorine and sodium found in toothpaste

Metalloids Elements with properties that fall between metals and nonmetals Some are good conductors, some are poor, and with some it depends on temperature

Variations Across a Period Across a period from left to right (except period 1) elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties

Metallic and nonmetallic chemical properties deal with the willingness of an atom to gain or lose electrons and the atom’s reactivity with other elements.

Homework Complete the workbook through chapter 5, section 2 (page 50) Remember you will need your book to answer some questions.

BELLWORK DISCUSS A SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION YOU HAVE RECENTLY MADE

VALENCE ELECTRONS IS AN ELECTRON THAT IS IN THE HIGHEST OCCUPIED ENERGY LEVEL OF AN ATOM

CONT. THEY HAVE A GREAT DEAL TO DO WITH THE PORPERTIES OF ATOMS.

VALENCE ELECTRONS INCREASE LEFT TO RIGHT ON THE TABLE

ELEMENTS IN A GROUP HAVE SIMILAR PROPERTIES BECAUSE THEY HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS

* THEY WON’T BE IDENTICAL BECAUSE THEY ARE ON DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVELS, BUT THEY ARE SIMILAR

MAKE A FLIP BOOK! TITLE IT “GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE” THE EXPOSED FLAP SHOULD BE THE NAME OF THE GROUP UNDER EACH FLAP YOU SHOULD INCLUDE THE 1: GROUP’S NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS 2: ELEMENTS IN THE GROUP 3: PROPERTIES OF THESE ELEMENTS 4: COMMON USES FOR THESE ELEMENTS

ALKALI METALS GROUP 1A 1 VALENCE ELECTRON EXTREMELY REACTIVE BECOME MORE REACTIVE DOWN THE GROUP SO REACTIVE, ONLY FOUND IN COMPOUNDS – LIKE TABLE SALT, NaCl

LITHIUM SODIUM POTASSIUM RUBIDIUM CESIUM FRANCIUM

ALKALINE EARTH METALS GROUP 2A 2 VALENCE ELECTRONS HARDER THAN ALKALI METALS MELTING POINTS ARE MUCH HIGHER TOO DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY IN HOW THEY REACT WITH WATER

BERYLLIUM MAGNESIUM CALCIUM STRONTIUM BARIUM RADIUM

MAGNESIUM: – KEY ELEMENT IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS – STRONGER THAN STEEL, BUT VERY LIGHT USED IN MANY MECHANICAL AREAS

Magnesium

CALCIUM: – USED TO KEEP BONES AND TEETH HEALTHY – IN COMPOUND CALCIUM CARBONATE CALCIUM, CARBON, OXYGEN: – CHALK, LIMESTONE, CORAL, PEARLS

Calcium

BORON FAMILY Group 3A 3 VALENCE ELECTRONS CONTAINS A METALLIOD AND METALS BORON,ALUMINUM,GALLIUM,INDIUM, THALLIUM

ALUMINUM MOST ABUNDANT METAL ON EARTH FOUND IN COMPOUND/MINERAL BAUXITE – ALUMINUM AND OXYGEN

ALUMINUM

BAUXITE

BORON BORON IS USED TO MAKE GLASS MORE TEMPERATE – CAN HANDLE RAPID CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE

CARBON FAMILY GROUP 4A 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS CONTAINS NONMETALS, METALLOIDS, METALS METALIC NATURE INCREASES FROM TOP TO BOTTOM CARBON, SILICON, GERMANIUM, TIN, LEAD LIFE WOULD NOT EXIST WITHOUT CARBON

CARBON EXCEPT FOR WATER, MOST OF THE COMPOUNDS IN OUR BODIES CONTAIN CARBON

SILICON SILICON IS THE SECOND MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT ON EARTH’S CRUST. FOUND IN SAND, GLASS, ROCKS AS SILICON DIOXIDE

SILICON

NITROGEN Family 5A 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS NONMETALS (GAS AND SOLID), METALLOIDS, METALS WIDE RANGE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Nitrogen Phosphorus Arsenic Antimony Bismuth

Nitrogen Lower boiling point than oxygen Extracted from air to produce fertilizers

HNE HNE

Phosphorus Also useful in fertilizers and to humans White phosphorus is very reactive Red phosphorus is not very reactive

EUcswSc EUcswSc

The Oxygen Family Group 6A 6 Valence electrons Three nonmetals, two metalloids Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust.

Oxygen Sulfur Selenium Tellurium polonium

Oxygen Needed to release energy stored in food Can be stored as liquid Ozone is another form of oxygen

Sulfer Sulfer is abundant and used in fertilizers

The Halogen Family 7A 7 Valence electrons Gases, liquid, solid Many physical differences, similar chemical properties

Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine

Fluorine is used to prevent tooth decay Chlorine is used to kill bacteria Iodine is used to keep thyroid gland working properly

Baf4 Baf4

The Noble Gases 8A helium has 2, the rest have eight valence electrons Colorless, odorless, extremely unreactive Useful to protect reactive materials from oxygen

Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon

2s 2s