The Essentials of Egress Presented by

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Seminar Scope Code fundamentals for drawing reviews Terms and definitions Fire and life safety drawing review for conditions of egress Handouts for comparison of 2006 IBC and NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation So Far… The fundamental program for the project is set. The schematic design has been accepted. Next step: Develop the preliminary design. Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Preliminary Design Already determined are: The State/Local Codes If there is a Zoning/Planning Code If the project is in a Historic District If accessibility must be met (ADAAG – ANSI A117.1) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Preliminary Design - Model Building Codes ICC International Building Code (IBC) BOCA BOCA National Building Code (BNBC) ICBO Uniform Building Code (UBC) NFPA Building Construction and Safety Code (NFPA 5000) Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) SBCCI Standard Building Code (UBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Preliminary Design - Model Building Codes - ICC ICC International Family of Codes IBC, IRC, IMC, IPC, IFC, etc. 47 states & Dept. of Defense use IBC 42 states & DC use IFC 45 states & DC use IRC Website – www.iccsafe.org Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Preliminary Design - Model Building Codes - ICC Website – www.iccsafe.org Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Preliminary Design - Design Items to Check Already checked are: Site restrictions, e.g. easements? Construction Type? Occupancy Classification? Maximum building area limits? Maximum building height limits? Sprinkler systems requirements? Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Preliminary Design - Design Items to Check But…what about the Means of Egress? Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Terms & Definitions - Means of Egress A continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way. A means of egress consists of three separate and distinct parts: the exit access, the exit and the exit discharge. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Public Way A street, alley or other parcel of land open to the outside air leading to a street, that has been deeded, dedicated or otherwise permanently appropriated to the public for public use and which has a clear width and height of not less than 10 feet. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Exit Access That portion of a means of egress system that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Exit Access and Exits Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Exit That portion of a means of egress system which is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives as required to provide a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and the exit discharge. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Types of Exits Exits include exterior exit doors at ground level, exit enclosures, exit passageways, exterior exit stairs, exterior exit ramps and horizontal exits. Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Exit Discharge That portion of a means of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Exits and Exit Discharge . (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

More Terms & Definitions - Exit Passageway An exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives, and provides for a protected path of egress travel in a vertical or horizontal direction to the exit discharge or public way. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Accessible Means of Egress A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any accessible point in a building or facility to a public way. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Area of Refuge An area where persons unable to use stairways can remain temporarily to await instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Plan Review for Egress Code Matrix Occupant Content (OLF’s) Number of Exits Exit Capacity (min. stair widths, door widths, etc.) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Plan Review for Egress Travel Distance Common Path of Travel Dead End Distance Swing of Doors (in direction of exit, …) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Egress – Occupant Load The number of persons for which the means of egress of a building or portion thereof is designed. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Use and Occupancy Classification Mercantile Group M Residential Group R Storage Group S Utility & Miscellaneous Group U Assembly Group A Business Group B Educational Group E Factory Group F High-Hazard Group H Institutional Group I Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Occupant Load Factors Use/Function of Space NFPA ICC 2006 LSC IBC 2006 Table 7.3.1.2 T-1004.1.1 ft2 /occupant Assembly – Gaming floors (keno, slots, etc.) 11 gross Assembly with fixes seats See Slide Assembly without fixed seats Concentrated (chairs only – not fixed) 7 net Standing space 3 net 5 net Unconcentrated (tables and chairs) 15 net Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Gross Floor Area The floor area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of the building exclusive of vents shafts and interior courts . . . (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Net Floor Area The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms and closets. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Occupant Load Factors Use/Function of Space NFPA ICC 2006 LSC IBC 2006 Table 7.3.1.2 T-1004.1.1 ft2 /occupant Bowling centers, 5 persons/lane including 15 feet of runway 7 net Business (e.g., offices) 100 gross Courtrooms – other than fixed seating areas NR 40 net Dormitories 200 gross 50 gross Educational Classroom area 20 net Shop and other vocational room areas (e.g., dormitories) 50 net Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Minimum Number of Exits Occupant Load per Story LSC ICC NFPA 101-2006 IBC 2006 Section 7.4.1.2 Table 1019.1 500 or less 2 501 – 1,000 3 Over 1,000 4 Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Effect of Partitions on Exit Count Fig. 1004.1.1 again to explain number of exits if partitioned. . (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Minimum Exit Widths Stairs & Corridors – 44 inches Doors – Clear width of 32 inches There are exceptions for each. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Minimum Exit Width for Stair Fig. 1009.4(1) – min. exit width of stair .START…………… (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Measuring Door Clear Width Fig. 1008.1.1(2) – min. exit width of door and clear width Start….. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Minimum Corridor Width Fig. 1005.2 regarding corridor widths . (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Determining Exit Capacity Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Vertical Exits Capacity is based on largest occupant count on one floor served by the stair; not cumulative. Exception: when 2 or more floors converge into the stairwell. Width cannot decrease in the direction of exit. Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Convergent Occupants in Stairwell Fig. 1004.5(2) To illustrate previous text slide. . (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Exit Access Travel Distance Exits shall be so located that the maximum length of exit access travel, measured from the most remote point to the entrance to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel . . . (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Exit Access Travel Distances Use Group LSC ICC NFPA 101-2006 IBC 2006 Table A.7.6.1 Table 1016.1 Without sprinkler With sprinkler feet A 150 200 250 B 300 E F-1 F-2 400 Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Buildings with One Exit (1 story) Use Group Maximum number of stories above grade NFPA NFPA 101-2006 ICC IBC 2006 Section 7.4.1.1 and occupancy chapters Section 1019.2 occupants / feet of travel A 1 Story Two exits required 49 / 75 B 100 / 100 E F NR / 50 H-2 3 / 25 H-3 H-4 10 / 75 I 10 /75 M NR / 75 R NR / NR S See occupancy Chpt 30 / 75 Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Buildings with One Exit (2 story) Use Group Maximum number of stories above grade NFPA NFPA 101-2006 ICC IBC 2006 Section 7.4.1.1 and occupancy chapters Section 1019.2 occupants / feet of travel B 2 Stories Two exits required 49 / 75 F M NR / 50 S See occupancy Chpt 29 / 100 U R-2 4 dwelling units 50 feet Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Common Path of Travel The distance measured from the most remote point in a space to the point in the exit path where the occupant has access to two required exits in separate directions. (2006 IBC Commentary) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Common Path of Egress Travel Use Group LSC ICC NFPA 101-2006 IBC 2006 Table A.7.6 Section 1014.3 W/out sprinkler With sprinkler feet Feet A 20/75 75 B 100 E F 50 I-1 I-2 NR I-3 M R-1/R-2 35 75/125 S-1 S-2 Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation Dead End Distance Where more than one exit or exit access doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that there are no dead end corridors greater than 20 feet in length. (2006 IBC) Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Dead End Corridors/Passageways Use Group LSC ICC NFPA 101-2006 (Table A.7.6) IBC 2006 (Section 1017.3) Without sprinkler With sprinkler feet Feet A 20 B 50 E F H I-1 I-2 30 I-3 M R-1/R-2 35 S-1 100 S-2 NR Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Other Items for Egress Review Fire Resistance of Egress Components (exit access corridors, passageways, etc.) Opening Protectives (doors, through-penetrations, fire and smoke dampers, etc.) Signage and Emergency Lighting Accessibility (areas of refuge, ramps, etc.) Remoteness of Exits Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Egress – Corridor Fire Resistance Ratings Use Group LSC ICC NFPA 101-2006 IBC 2006 Section 7.1.3.1 & occupancy Chapters Section 1017.1 W/out sprinkler With sprinkler hours A, B, E & F 1 H N/P I-1 NP I-2 I-3 M R 1/2 S & U Schirmer Engineering Corporation

Additional Comparison of Egress – IBC and NFPA 101, LSC Handout material Thank You Schirmer Engineering Corporation