Wireless Sensor Mote (TelosB) Ultra low-power wireless module –for sensor networks, monitoring app, rapid prototyping Key Features –2.4GHz 802.15.4 radio,

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Presentation transcript:

Wireless Sensor Mote (TelosB) Ultra low-power wireless module –for sensor networks, monitoring app, rapid prototyping Key Features –2.4GHz radio, 250kps –8MHz processor, 10k RAM, 48k Flash –Fast wakeup (6  s) –1MB external flash (16 segments, each 64kB) –Ultra low current consumption –TinyOS support

Some Useful Components of Mote/TOS Radio UART Timer (unique) Flash memory LEDs Sensor(s)

Some Research Area in WSN Wireless Communication Localization Calibration Time Synchronization Routing (Data-Centric Routing) Deployment, Lifetime optimization Signal Processing - compression, detection Storage (Data-Centric Storage) Mobility

Wireless Communication Ideal model Real model * [Ganesan TR ’02][ Marco Zuniga et al., USC]

Wireless Communication transitional connected disconnected distance (m) PRR Empirical: link behavior * – Three regions*: Connected Disconnected Transitional – Transitional region : Asymmetric links High variance space/time Large extent – Significant impact on some routing protocols** * [Zhao SenSys ’03] [Woo SenSys ’03] [Ganesan TR ’02] [Aguayo SIGCOMM’04] ** [Zhou MobiSys’03]

Routing ( Information Gradient-based Active Routing ) ( North Palm Springs earthquake of July 8, 1986 ) Isoseismal (intensity) maps ( North Palm Springs earthquake of July 8, 1986 ) Ref.: Southern California Earthquake Center. (

Challenges - In real life, sensors are unable to detect or measure the event’s effect below certain threshold. So, diffusion curve has finite tail - Lack of sensitivity of sensor device(s) - Creates flat information region - Erroneous reading of the malfunctioning sensors - Due to calibration error or obstacle - Cause local maxima or minima - Environmental noise Routing ( Information Gradient-based Active Routing )

Brief Description of Routing Approaches Single-path Query forwarding with look-ahead, r = 1 Multiple-path Query forwarding Q Q SS Look-ahead = 1 Active Node Candidate Node Active Nodes 9

Still Have Limitations Q Q Q Multiple Events Flooding overhead is high for sparsely distributed events Flooding overhead is high for sparsely distributed events Unable to detect sparsely located events Unable to detect sparsely located events