Elias R. Melhem, MD MR Imaging: Basic Principles.

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Presentation transcript:

Elias R. Melhem, MD MR Imaging: Basic Principles

Overview u Generation of MR Image u MR Image Quality u MR Imaging Protocols for Clinical Brain Imaging

Generation of MR Image u Nuclear magnetic resonance u Spin density u Spin lattice relaxation (T1) u Spin spin relaxation (T2) u Spatial encoding

MR Image Quality u Spatial Resolution u Contrast Resolution u Signal-to-Noise u Artifacts

MR Imaging Protocols Tailored Based on: u Clinical Question u Capabilities of the MR scanner

Basic Brain Protocol u Sagittal T1-W SE u Axial T2-W FSE u Axial Fast FLAIR u Axial D-W (b-1000)

Metastases and Primary Brain Tumors Basic Brain Protocol + Gd-enhanced: u Axial T1-W SE u Coronal T1-W SE u Fast FLAIR (Subarachnoid Metastases)

Pediatric (Age < 2 years-old) Basic Brain Protocol + u Axial T1-W SE u Coronal Phase-Sensitive Fast IR

Pediatric (Age < 2 years-old) Basic Brain Protocol + u Axial T1-W SE u Coronal Phase-Sensitive Fast IR

Stroke Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + u 3D TOF MRA of the Circle-of-Willis u Gd-based perfusion imaging

Cervical Carotid Artery Protocol u 2D TOF MRA u Single slab 3D TOF MRA at the bifurcation u Contrast-enhanced Coronal 3D MRA u Axial T1-W SE with Fat Saturation (Dissection)

Internal Auditory Canal Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + High Resolution: u Axial 3D T2-W FSE u Axial T1-W SE u Coronal T1-W SE with and without Gd -enhancement May consider Fat Saturation for post-operative evaluation

Orbital Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + High Resolution: u Coronal STIR or FLAIR with Fat Saturation u Axial T1-W SE u Coronal T1-W SE with and without Gd -enhancement

Pituitary Protocol Basic Brain Protocol + High Resolution: u Sagittal T1-W SE u Coronal T1-W SE with and without Gd -enhancement May consider Fat Saturation for post-operative evaluation

Epilepsy (Age < 35 year-old) Basic Brain Protocol + Oblique Coronal: u T2-W-FSE u Fast FALIR u Phase-Sensitive Fast IR

Fetal Imaging u HASTE / Single Shot FSE