The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Martin Luther 1517 –Denounced the authority of the priests and popes –Bible alone was the source of God's words John Calvin 1536 –Institutes of the Christian Religion  Calvinism King Henry VIII 1534 –Broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church –Minority that wanted taking Catholicism out of England to occur faster  Puritans Minority of Puritans  Separatists or Pilgrims

The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Pilgrim leaders drew up and signed the Mayflower Compact –A simple agreement to form a basic government and to submit to the will of the majority Signed by 41 adult males –It was the: first attempt at a government in America “Starving Time” –In the Pilgrims' first winter of , only 44 of the 102 survived (signed by the “gentlemen”)

The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Separatists in Holland came to America in search for their religious freedom Settled outside of VA –Settled in Plymouth Bay in 1620 (Without legal permission)

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth In 1629, Puritans (non-Separatist), fearing for their faith and for England's future, secured a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company  Massachusetts Bay Colony During the Great Migration of the 1630s, about 15-20,000 refugees left England for New England

Great (Puritan) Migration

John Winthrop Governor of MBC (“Massachusetts Bible Commonwealth”) Believed that the Puritans had a covenant with God to build a holy society in the New World “We shall be as a city upon a hill”

“City Upon a Hill” JFK