Chapter 1: The Science of Life/Biology 1

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS (Organisms) 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. They can be grouped by the number of cells they have. UnicellularUnicellular – organisms that are made of only one cell MulticellularMulticellular – organisms that are made of more than one cell ColonialColonial – unicellular organisms that live in a group 3

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 2. Reproduce to produce new organisms Types of Reproduction Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction – two parents to produce a new organism Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction – 1 parent to produce a new organism 5

3. All living things use a common genetic code All living organisms use the same language to pass genetic info on to offspring. DNA & RNA contain the code. 6

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 4. All living things Grow, Develop and Age Growth Growth – some cells get larger and other new cells are added Development Development – cells and body parts become specialized for certain jobs Aging Aging – cells and body parts become damaged and cannot be repaired 8

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 5. All living things Obtain and Use Energy from Environment Some Important Terms About Energy Use Anabolism Anabolism – process of making complex substances from simpler substances Catabolism Catabolism – breaking down complex substances into simpler substances Metabolism Metabolism – sum of all of the chemical reactions of an organism 10

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 5. (cont.)Obtain and Use Energy from Environment Autotroph Autotroph – organism that can make its own food from it’s environment Heterotroph Heterotroph – organism that has to obtain its energy from another organism 12

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 6. All Living Things Respond to the Environment Terms that explain Response to Environment Stimulus Stimulus – anything in the environment that causes a reaction from an organism Reflex Reflex – automatic response to a stimulus Behavior Behavior – learned or inherited response to a stimulus 14

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7. All Living Things Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) Examples : 1. when you’re hot, your body ________ to cool off 2. When you need water, you experience a sensation called ___________. 16

When your body gets too warm due to warm due to activity or stress, you will sweat to cool it down. 17

8. As a group, living things change over time. This is called Evolution Individuals do not evolve, groups do! 18

What is Science? An ongoing process used as a way of knowing about the world around (and in) us. It includes observation, inference, and scientific method to find out more. Constantly changing. Affects every aspect of our lives. Sometimes conflicts with our values. 19

Observations v. Inferences Observation: information you gather with any of your 5 senses. Inference: logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience 20

Branches of Biology Botany Zoology Anatomy Physiology Microbiology Paleontology Etc. 21

Levels of Organization of Biological Study Atoms/Molecules Cells Groups of cells (tissues, organs, organ systems) Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere 22