Thoracic skeleton :  Thoracic vertebrae  Sternum  Ribs.

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Thoracic skeleton :  Thoracic vertebrae  Sternum  Ribs

A. The spinal column Vertebrae Seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) neckcervical Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12upper back thoracic Five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) lower backlumbar Sacrum Coccyx

Abnormal Curves Scoliosis-abnormal lateral curve of more than 10° Kyphosis-exaggerated thoracic curve Lordosis-accentuated lumbar curve

body Vertebral Parts spinous process vertebral foramen transverse process lamina pedicle rib facet

Discs

Disc Degeneration

T9 T10 T11 T12 T11 T10 T1

Typical Ribs Head Articulates with 2 Demifacets Neck Tubercle Shaft costal groove at inferior border Angle Anterior end

Rib neck tubercle costal groove shaft head

The first rib (R1): superior surface

Atypical ribs

Sternummanubrium clavicular notch Suprasternal notch xiphoid process body sternal angle intercostal space

True Ribs (7 pairs) FloatingFloating False Ribs (5 pairs)

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