Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C1 15-6 Graphs A graph is a collection of nodes, called vertices, and a collection of segments,

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Presentation transcript:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C Graphs A graph is a collection of nodes, called vertices, and a collection of segments, called lines, connecting pairs of vertices. In other words, a graph consists of two sets, a set of vertices and a set of lines. Graph Traversal Topics discussed in this section:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C2 FIGURE Directed and Undirected Graphs

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C3 Graphs may be directed or undirected. In a directed graph, each line, called an arc, has a direction indicating how it may be traversed. In an undirected graph, the line is known as an edge, and it may be traversed in either direction. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C4 A file is an external collection of related data treated as a unit. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C5 FIGURE Cycles and Loops

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C6 FIGURE Connected and Disjoint Graphs

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C7 FIGURE Depth-first Traversal of a Tree

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C8 In the depth-first traversal, all of a node’s descendents are processed before moving to an adjacent node. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C9 FIGURE Depth-first Traversal of a Graph

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C10 FIGURE Breadth-first Traversal of a Tree

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C11 FIGURE Breadth-first Traversal of a Graph

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C12 In the breadth-first traversal, all adjacent vertices are processed before processing the descendents of a vertex. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C Software Engineering Because lists are useful structures, programmers use them in many applications. Rather than rewrite their functions each time we need them, we can write functions once and put them in a library. The name given to a complete set of these functions is abstract data type (ADT). Atomic and Composite Data Data Structure and Abstract Data Type A Model for an Abstract Data Type ADT Data Structure Topics discussed in this section:

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C14 Atomic Data Type 1. A set of values. 2. A set of operations on the values. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C15 Data Structure 1. A combination of elements, each of which is either a data type or another data structure. 2. A set of associations or relationships (structure) involving the combined elements. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C16 Table 15-2Two Structures

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C17 In the concept of abstraction We know what a data type can do. How it is done is hidden. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C18 FIGURE Structures for Holding a List

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C19 Abstract Data Type 1. Declaration of data. 2. Declaration of operations. Note

Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C20 FIGURE Abstract Data Type Model