NAPOLEON Emperor of the French

Napoleon Bonaparte, Biography Born: 15 August 1769 Born: 15 August 1769 Birthplace: Ajaccio,Corsica Birthplace: Ajaccio,Corsica Parents: Carlo Buonaparte (Lawyer), Letizia Romolino Parents: Carlo Buonaparte (Lawyer), Letizia Romolino 4 th child and 2 nd son of 11 children 4 th child and 2 nd son of 11 children

Education After elementary, in Jan.1779, at 10 years old, he was sent to College of Autun, then transferred to College of Brienne, both military schools After elementary, in Jan.1779, at 10 years old, he was sent to College of Autun, then transferred to College of Brienne, both military schools In Oct he earned an appointment to a royal military school, Ecole Militaire of Paris In Oct he earned an appointment to a royal military school, Ecole Militaire of Paris 1 year later he was commissioned into an artillery unit in Valence, where he undertook an intensive study of military history and theory 1 year later he was commissioned into an artillery unit in Valence, where he undertook an intensive study of military history and theory After Valence, he moved to France’s premier artillery school, Auxoone After Valence, he moved to France’s premier artillery school, Auxoone

Military History Upon graduation Napoleon was commissioned a 2 nd lieutenant officer in La Fere artillery regiment in 1785 where he earned the nickname “little corporal” Upon graduation Napoleon was commissioned a 2 nd lieutenant officer in La Fere artillery regiment in 1785 where he earned the nickname “little corporal” Fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, gaining control of Toulon, promoted to brigadier general in 1793 Fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, gaining control of Toulon, promoted to brigadier general in 1793 After victories against the Austrians, negotiated the treaty of Campo Formio (1797) After victories against the Austrians, negotiated the treaty of Campo Formio (1797) Attempted to conquer Egypt but was defeated in the Battle of the Nile ( ) Attempted to conquer Egypt but was defeated in the Battle of the Nile ( ) The Coup d’etat of Brumaire brought him back to power in 1799 The Coup d’etat of Brumaire brought him back to power in 1799

Napoleon I, Emperor In 1799, he installed himself as first consul of the French Republic 5 years later he crowned himself Emperor of the French Reign: 18 May June 1815

Establishments Napoleon negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with Pope Pius VII re- establishing the Church in France Napoleon negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with Pope Pius VII re- establishing the Church in France Leaders of the Catholic Church taking the civil oath required by the Concordat Leaders of the Catholic Church taking the civil oath required by the Concordat Under Napoleon’s terms the Church agreed to sign Under Napoleon’s terms the Church agreed to sign Some of the Concordat’s main terms still remain effective Some of the Concordat’s main terms still remain effective

Establishments continued…. The Napoleonic Code was introduced in 1804 The Napoleonic Code was introduced in 1804 The code was divided into three books The code was divided into three books Each consisted of various social, legal, civil, property laws and rights Each consisted of various social, legal, civil, property laws and rights With revisions, the code is still exists With revisions, the code is still exists

Napoleonic Wars In 1805 Napoleon won his greatest victory at the Battle of Austerlitz against Austria and Russia In 1805 Napoleon won his greatest victory at the Battle of Austerlitz against Austria and Russia

Napoleon defeated Prussia at the Battles of jena and Auerstedt in 1806 and Russia at the Battle of Friedland Napoleon defeated Prussia at the Battles of jena and Auerstedt in 1806 and Russia at the Battle of Friedland

Napoleon imposed the Treaty of Tilsit on Russia in July 1807 Napoleon imposed the Treaty of Tilsit on Russia in July 1807 Which were two agreements between France and Russia ending the 3 rd – 4 th Coalition of countries against France Which were two agreements between France and Russia ending the 3 rd – 4 th Coalition of countries against France

Napoleon was defeated by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar Napoleon was defeated by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar He sought to weaken British commerce and established the Continental System ( ) He sought to weaken British commerce and established the Continental System ( ) blockade system developed for shipping trade industry blockade system developed for shipping trade industry

Napoleon became embroiled in the Peninsular War, French armies invaded Portugal in 1807 and Spain in 1808, lasted until the Sixth Coalition Napoleon became embroiled in the Peninsular War, French armies invaded Portugal in 1807 and Spain in 1808, lasted until the Sixth Coalition He led the French army into Austria and defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, signing the Treaty of Vienna He led the French army into Austria and defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, signing the Treaty of Vienna

Napoleon’s campaigns began to decline Napoleon’s campaigns began to decline Napoleon led an army of about 600,000 into Russia in 1812 to enforce the Treaty of Tilsit, but was forced to retreat with disastrous losses Napoleon led an army of about 600,000 into Russia in 1812 to enforce the Treaty of Tilsit, but was forced to retreat with disastrous losses Greatly weakened, he was met by a strong coalition of allied powers, who defeated him at the Battle of Leipzig (1813) Greatly weakened, he was met by a strong coalition of allied powers, who defeated him at the Battle of Leipzig (1813)

After Paris was taken by the allied coalition, Napoleon was forced to abdicate in 1814 and was exiled to the island of Elba After Paris was taken by the allied coalition, Napoleon was forced to abdicate in 1814 and was exiled to the island of Elba after which he mustered a force and retuned to France to re-establish himself as emperor for the Hundred Days after which he mustered a force and retuned to France to re-establish himself as emperor for the Hundred Days

The Fall from Glory Arthur Wellesley 1 st Duke of Wellington commanded allied armies against Napoleon’s final attempt Arthur Wellesley 1 st Duke of Wellington commanded allied armies against Napoleon’s final attempt Napoleon was decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 Napoleon was decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815

Exiled and Death After his lose at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled again, confined on the remote island of St. Helena After his lose at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled again, confined on the remote island of St. Helena Six years later (May 5, 1821) he died, an autopsy at the time cited stomach cancer (as his father died as well) as the cause of death, inspiring rumors tell of arsenic poisoning Six years later (May 5, 1821) he died, an autopsy at the time cited stomach cancer (as his father died as well) as the cause of death, inspiring rumors tell of arsenic poisoning His body was returned to Paris under the dome at Les Invalides, where his designer tomb (by Louis Visconti) there remains a popular attraction His body was returned to Paris under the dome at Les Invalides, where his designer tomb (by Louis Visconti) there remains a popular attraction

Napoleon Legacy Short enough, early in his military career, he was nicknamed “The Little Corporal,” a soldier seeking and finding military solutions to problems and belief of a strong government system Short enough, early in his military career, he was nicknamed “The Little Corporal,” a soldier seeking and finding military solutions to problems and belief of a strong government system An experienced politician, perceptive historian and military genius An experienced politician, perceptive historian and military genius Believing in his destiny, prepared to stake everything on one campaign or one battle, he acted as if he knew that he had power but for a short time Believing in his destiny, prepared to stake everything on one campaign or one battle, he acted as if he knew that he had power but for a short time Victorious in nearly all 50 battles, his power was fragile and resulted in defeat Victorious in nearly all 50 battles, his power was fragile and resulted in defeat Notable contemporary soldier theorist-Clausewitz and Jomini, express, Napoleon was the very ‘God of War’ an operational commander of the premier rank Notable contemporary soldier theorist-Clausewitz and Jomini, express, Napoleon was the very ‘God of War’ an operational commander of the premier rank

Works Cited “Concordat of 1801.” Answers.com. 28 August August August August “Concordat of 1801, The.” History Wiz. “Continental System.” Answers.com. 29 August August “Napoleon Bonaparte.” Biography. Pbs.org 30 August August August August “Napoleonic Code.” France {1804}. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 30 August August August August “Peninsular War.” {European history}. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 31 August September August September “Treaty of Tilsit.” Msn.com 1 September September