France: The Bourbon “Restoration” Era ( ) Objective~ Understand the situation of France after the Congress

4 Louis XVIII Constitutional monarch (liberal) made The Charter  “The Charter”  Limited royal power, upheld the Napoleonic Code. 4 Louis brother, Charles X (Count of Artois) firm believer of Divine Rights (Conservative) 4 Leader of Ultraroyalist fought against this (suffered from rev.) 4 White Terror~ revenge on liberals 4 Framed liberals for murder of son 4 driven out of politics Louis XVIII (r ) King Charles X (r )

King Charles X of France (r ) 4 His Goals:  Lessen the influence of the middle class.  Limit right to vote.  Public $$$ used to pay nobles for loss of lands during Rev.  Absolutism 4 His Program:  Attack The Charter.  Censorship

Election liberals won majority. 4 July Ordinances  He dissolved the entire parliament.  Censorship.  Changed the voting laws to assure future conservative victories.  Charles X abdicated & exiled to England CONT.

Louis Philippe  The “Citizen King” 4 The Duke of Orleans (Liberal minded) 4 His Program:  Reduced property qualifications~ doubled voters  Abolished censorship  The Fr Revolution’s tricolor replaced the Bourbon flag 4 The gov. under the control of the wealthy middle class. (r )

Louis Philippe  The “Citizen King” 4 Government ignored the needs/demands of the workers 4 July, 1832  an uprising in Paris was put down by force (800 were killed/wounded)  Seen as a violation of the status quo set at the Congress of Vienna.  King Louis Philippe lost control forced to abdicate A caricature of Louis Philippe

The 2 nd French Republic ( ) GGeneral Louis Cavaignac assumed dictatorial powers/crushed revolt.  10,000 dead.  Victory for conservatives. GNew constitution provided for:  An elected President.  A one-house legislature. The Republic by Jean-Leon Gerome

President Louis Nap. Bonaparte (Nap. III) The Dec. election: –The “law and order” candidate, (Nap.) defeated Cavaignac. The New President: –Purged the gov. of radicals. Replaced with ultra-conservative –Quarreled w/ National Assembly Represented himself as a “Man of the People.” Assembly refused to allow him to be re-elected –Regularly used forced against dissenters. Nap’s nephew

“Little Nap” staged a Coup 1851 Pres. Louis Napoleon declared a hereditary 2 nd French Empire. A national VOTE confirmed this (7.5 mil) Controlled the legislature, censored the press, harassed rebels –Supported by army, property owners, church, peasants… 1852 named Emperor Nap. III

The “Concert” of Europe  Goal~ balance of power (peace, maintain the status quo~ conservative)  The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle [1816]  Removal of troops in France-France in good standing  The Congress of Troppau [1820] & Congress of Laibach [1821]  Stable gov. may intervene to restore order in countries experiencing rev.  The Congress of Verona [1822]  Joint Action~ suppress rev. in Spain (1820) against Ferdinand VII (Bourbon) Ignored constitution  Britain withdrew from continental affairs

Ap Test Prep (pg ) Complete #s 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,16