 , : Development of infrastructure (rail, canal/roads). Development of early industry

1830’s-40’s: “WHIG PARTY” Attempts to Modernize NC. How?

WOOD- POWER- ED

Whigs financed trains with government $ Connected NC to rest of the… Good for trade  Wilmington and Weldon Railroad AND Raleigh and Gaston Line

By 1850’s, lines ran from Wilmington to Asheville.

Farmers could ship crops

At this time, CASWELL became the richest county in NC. 1830s-60

Also: a cheaper but less long term alternative. Mainly down East

Whigs also promoted… Textile mills and mines. For power, some mines used. Steam engines

Cotton production boosted slavery. Eli Whitney’s Cotton gin boosted Cotton production

equals

“Lifeline of the Confederacy” Ships brought supplies to Wilmington Took supplies to army

 Transportation:  Western towns like Asheville grew due to RR.  By 1890 NC connected in every direction to rest of US

 Manufacturing  People began factories to turn raw materials into products.  By 1900 becoming most industrial state in South

Furniture factories in High Point due to RR.

Growth of mills boosted Towns like Charlotte and Concord. Farmers moved into mill towns.

Mills located near rivers and streams. Why?

Improvement: Steam engine Could locate Mill in more Places.

All of this depended on restoring… It shipped the product

Result: every town on the railroad had a textile mill.

Washington Duke Buck Duke Tobacco industry geniuses

Bonsack cigarette rolling machine. Mechanization took over the cigarette industry Cigarettes Very Popular In the North

THE NEXT STEP: HYDROELECTRIC POWER

JAMES B. DUKE CREATES “DUKE POWER”. SELLS POWER TO TEXTILE MILLS

1890’s TECHNOLOGY telephone Electric streetcar Electric Street lamps

NEW TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY HzU Common by 1912

ECONOMIC EXPANSION NC used western rivers as power

“Middle Class people” lived in suburbs, more money, streets paved. Mill workers poor, lived in Mill Towns. Houses Small, streets not paved. INCOME INEQUALITY

MORE NEW TECHNOLOGY RADIO BOOSTED ADVERTISING AND SALES=$

CONNECTING COAST TO THE MOUNTAINS NC WENT INTO DEBT TO BUILD ROADS

CHARLOTTE MANUFACTURING FORD MODEL T PLANT ASSEMBLY LINE

STATE GOVERNMENT built best Highways in the South to

 Manufacturing AFTER WWII New Industries Recruited from North 1970’s: Tobacco declines, Textiles and Furniture decline-competition

A new economy arose as old industries declined. New industries such as international banking.

Research Triangle Park near Cary. Software, Astroturf, drugs, computers

OUR FUTURE: BUILDING A NEW ECONOMY

YOU HAVE TO BUILD IT!

 Plank Roads  1850’S RR lines from Asheville to Wilmington

 Manufacturing  Cotton Mills on the Cape Fear  50 mines employed thousands and used steam engines The Whigs brought in railroads and textile mills. The biggest effect was on farmers. Farmers could use the railroad to ship out their crops.

 War and Defense:  Steamships were used to run blockades and bring in supplies.  Port of Wilmington was important to the South. Last open port in South  The Wilmington and Weldon Railroad was the main supply line  The port and railroad made NC a target of Union attack. The Civil War

 W&WR called “Lifeline of the Confederacy”  Union attacked NC due to the importance of the RR.  General Sherman attacked Goldsboro to cut the lifeline.

North Carolina’s role as a supply line for the South made the state a target. The North attacked to capture the port and cut the railroad.

 Economics (money making, business, etc.)  Due to RR, people gathered all kinds of products to sell.  Concord,Charlotte, and new towns grew due to RR and mills.

Because of railroads, new towns and mills were started. Those towns began to grow as people made money

 Technology  Duke’s Bonsack cigarette rolling machine put other cigarette companies out of business.  Mills/textile, furniture, cigs- began to use steam engines and moved away from streams.  Telephones, electric streetlights and electric streetcars in the 1890’s

 Transportation:  Trains made it possible to ship goods, so people looked for products to sell.  Railroad made NC tobacco known worldwide.

 Manufacturing  James Buchanan “Buck” Duke began to make cigarettes.  Textile mills opened in almost every town on the Railroad.

 Economics (money making, business, etc.)  Best selling goods were cotton and tobacco, so people began to build factories and sell the goods.  Railroad made NC tobacco known worldwide.

 , : Hydroelectricity, industrial growth, urbanization (growth of towns), middle class, mill villages.  TIME: 1890’s-1920’s

 Technology Hydroelectirity was developed James B. Duke dammed rivers and sold power to textile mills Telephones begin to be used  Transportation 1905 first automobiles- doctors used them. Middle class used streetcars

 Manufacturing NC became the leading manufacturing state in the South Tobacco, textiles, and furniture all grew. Durham and Winston Salem biggest cigarette towns Gaston County center of textile industry- almost 100 mills High Point: furniture industry Towns grew with industry

 Economics (money making, business, etc.) More service industries were coming in. 1970’s the “big three” decline Fewer farmers, but more productive New industries: Computer programs like SAS

 Economics (money making, business) NC expanded its wealth partly by taking advantage of western rivers as power “Middle Class people” lived in suburbs and had more money. Streets were paved. Mill workers were poorer and lived in Mill Towns. Houses were smaller and streets were not paved

 Technology More people getting radios. This boosted advertising and buying  Transportation Cars becoming common. After WWI, ¼ of NCr’s drove them State leaders build a network of roads to connect factories in Piedmont to raw materials on coastal plain. Highway 10 built to connect county seats. Railroads and highways linked NC to the world

 Manufacturing Textiles, tobacco, and furniture the biggest Winston Salem ;obacco, hosiery and underwear Burlington :synthetic fabrics Over half of Western counties had a furniture factory. New Industries: Recruited from North- making toasters, laboratory tables, 1970’s: Tobacco declines, Textiles decline due to Asian competition Fewer textile workers (down a third). Furniture did OK into the 1990’s then declined

 (The Cotton Economy, Slavery, Ports, Civil War, Railroad, Ports. The link between cotton and slavery)

 : Industrial Transition, Railroads, raw materials, urbanization (new towns) 1890’s

 and 340: The Dukes, Cotton Mills and Railroads, Spread of Manufacturing: 1870’s-1880’s-1890’s.

 Manufacturing NC became the leading manufacturing state in the South Tobacco, textiles, and furniture Durham and Winston Salem: cigarettes Gaston County: Almost 100 mills High Point: furniture

 Automobiles, roads, urbanization, new business. 1920’s.

 Manufacturing The “assembly line” produces reliable and cheaper cars A Ford Model T factory in Charlotte  Economics (money making, business, etc.) Businesses grew, including “moonshine” (illegal liquor”) delivered by car. Cities growing and making money Winston Salem made 1/5 of all NC manufactured wealth State went into debt to build the roads.

 (Post WWII industries, old and new) : Decline of “The Big Three”, New Industries, Banking. Post WWII to the 1970’s.

 Transportation: p.233- WHIGS-1830’s- 40’s  Development of railroad connected NC to the rest of the world.  Wilmington and Weldon Railroad AND Raleigh and Gaston Line  Legislature Established North Carolina Railroad- Longest in the World