BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future Dr. Patricia M. Dehmer Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 31 July 2007 Basic Energy Sciences Update Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy

2 I.FY 2007 budget II.The President’s American Competitiveness Initiative and related events III.Anticipating execution of the FY 2007 budget ~18 MONTHS AGO: BESAC – February 16, 2006

3 I.Execution of the FY 2007 budget II.FY 2008 budget III.Anticipating execution of the FY 2008 budget IV.Tying together the work of the past five years – a new charge to BESAC TODAY: BESAC – July 31, 2007

Fiscal Year Days Beyond September 30th* * Prior to FY 1977, Fiscal Years ended on June 30th 30-Year History of Energy and Water Development Appropriations Source information from the Library of Congress:

5 The Office of Science FY $4,398 $3,632 $4, ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 FY 2006 Approp. FY 2007 Request FY 2008 Request Dollars in Millions * * On January 31, 2007, the U.S. House of Representatives passed an appropriations level of $3,796 million for FY Bill was passed by the U.S. Senate and signed into law February 15, DOE had 30 days to submit a spending plan to Congress.

6 The FY 2008 Congressional Budget Request for SC 3,796,3931,250,250

7 Revised Timelines for BES Solicitations

8 FY 2008 Status

9 FY 2008 BES Budget – House Mark The Committee recommendation for basic energy sciences is $1,498,497,000, the same as the budget request and an increase of $248,247,000 over the current fiscal year. For purposes of reprogramming during fiscal year 2008, the Department may allocate funding among all operating accounts within Basic Energy Sciences, consistent with the reprogramming guidelines outlined earlier in this report. Research.—The Committee recommendation includes $1,093,219,000 for materials sciences and engineering, and $283,956,000 for chemical sciences, geosciences, and energy biosciences. The Committee recommendation funds operations of the five Nanoscale Science Research Centers, operations of the Advanced Light Source, the Advanced Photon Source, the National Synchrotron Light Source, the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, and the Manuel Lujan, Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at their full optimal numbers of hours, additional instrumentation for the recently-completed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), and the science research portion ($59,500,000) of the hydrogen initiative at the requested levels. Given the long-term nature of hydrogen as an energy transfer medium, with timescales for deployment similar to those for fusion energy, funding for hydrogen research in the Office of Science is particularly appropriate. The Committee previously directed the National Nuclear Security Administration to make available, from existing stocks, sufficient heavy water to meet SNS needs, and the Committee renews this direction for fiscal year Also included within this account is $8,240,000 for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), the same as the budget request. Given the dismal operating record of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) in fiscal year 2006 with 89.5% unscheduled downtime and the lack of major research accomplishments from its operation, the Committee will be watching to see that the steps taken by DOE to put HFIR back on track are successful. — continued —

10 FY 2008 BES Budget – House Mark NEW — continued — Construction.—The Committee recommendation includes $121,322,000 for Basic Energy Sciences construction projects, the same as the requested amount. The Committee recommendation provides the requested funding of: $51,356,000 to continue construction of the Linac Coherent Light Source (05–R–320) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; $366,000 to complete construction of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (05–R–321) at Brookhaven National Laboratory; $45,000,000 for continued project engineering and design of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (07–SC–06) at Brookhaven National Laboratory; $17,200,000 for construction of the Advanced Light Source User Support Building (08–SC–01) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; $950,000 for PED of the Photon Ultrafast Laser Science (08–SC–10) and Engineering Building Renovation at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center; and $6,450,000 to begin renovation of the Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Building Renovation (08–SC–11) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Given the extremely poor record of the Department in correctly estimating and controlling costs for major projects, particularly construction, the Committee compliments the Office of Science for completing the Spallation Neutron Source almost on schedule and almost on budget. FY 2008 BES Budget – Senate Mark The Committee recommends $1,512,257,000 for Basic Energy Sciences, an increase of $13,760,000 from the budget request. Committee recommends $1,512,257,000 for Basic Energy Sciences, an increase of $13,760,000 from the budget request. The Committee fully funds facilities within this account including the four Nanoscale Science Research Centers and provides $15,992,000 for the Manuel Lujan, Jr., Neutron Scattering Center. The Committee provides $17,000,000 for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research [EPSCoR].

11 Details of the FY 2008 Congressional Budget Request for BES – continued –

12 Details of the FY 2008 Congressional Budget Request for BES – continued –

13 “Basic Research Needs” Workshops  Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future BESAC Workshop, October 21-25, 2002 The foundation workshop that set the model for the focused workshops that follow.  Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy BES Workshop, May 13-15, 2003  Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs BES and the National Nanotechnology Initiative, March 16-18, 2004  Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization BES Workshop, April 18-21, 2005  Advanced Computational Materials Science: Application to Fusion and Generation IV Fission Reactors BES, ASCR, FES, and NE Workshop, March 31-April 2, 2004  The Path to Sustainable Nuclear Energy: Basic and Applied Research Opportunities for Advanced Fuel Cycles BES, NP, and ASCR Workshop, September 2005  Basic Research Needs for Superconductivity BES Workshop, May 8-10, 2006  Basic Research Needs for Solid-state Lighting BES Workshop, May 22-24, 2006  Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems BES Workshop, July 31-August 3, 2006  Basic Research Needs for the Clean and Efficient Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels BES Workshop, October 30-November 1, 2006  Basic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21 st Century Energy Systems BES Workshop, February 21-23, 2007  Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage BES Workshop, April 2-5, 2007  Basic Research Needs for Materials under Extreme Environments BES Workshop, June 10-14, 2007  Basic Research Needs for Catalysis for Energy BES Workshop, August 5-10, 2007

14 Transportation Buildings Industry Electricity Production & Grid Electric Storage Hydrogen Alternate Fuels Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion Hydropower Renewables Biomass Geothermal Wind Solar Ocean Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Oil shale, tar sands, hydrates,… CO 2 Sequestration Carbon Recycle Geologic Terrestrial Oceanic Global Climate Change Science No-net-carbon Energy Sources Carbon Management Distribution/ Storage Research for a Secure Energy Future Supply, Carbon Management, Distribution, Consumption Decision Science and Complex Systems Science Past and Future BRN Workshops Address Many Elements Required for a Decades-to-Century Energy Security Strategy Carbon Energy Sources Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency, and Environmental Stewardship Energy Consumption

15 Overview of Relationships between BES Activities and the ACI & AEI  Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies  Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for advanced modeling and computation  Basic research for fundamental new understanding, usually with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies  Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes  Proof of technology concepts  Scale-up research  At-scale demonstration  Cost reduction  Prototyping  Manufacturing R&D  Deployment support Technology Maturation & Deployment Applied Research Grand Challenges Discovery Research Use-Inspired Basic Research 23  Basic research to understand and deliver new theories and descriptions of matter in the energy range important to everyday life – typically energies up to those required to break chemical bonds.  Particularly challenging are to understand and to control systems that are ultrasmall or isolated, or are far from equilibrium, or display emergent phenomena of many kinds. BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshops BESAC Grand Challenges PanelDOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps

16 Charge to BESAC (From Ray Orbach to John Hemminger) 1.Summarize the science themes that emerged from the BESAC report Basic Research Needs for a Secure Energy Future and the follow-on BES Basic Research Needs reports, and relate those science themes to the grand challenges identified by BESAC. 2.Identify the tools and facilities that will be required to accomplish the science described in these workshops. Think broadly about tools – include x-ray, neutron, and electron scattering; proximal probes and other microscopies; time resolved tools; theory and modeling; computational “end stations,” i.e., community codes; and any other tools and facilities that may be important. It is more important to specify the broad characteristics of tools and facilities than to define the details of a given tool or facility at this time. 3.Identify other impediments to the successful implementation of this program of research in Basic Energy Sciences, including human resources and workforce development.

17 Finally, BESAC should continue its triennial evaluations of the BES Divisions using Committees of Visitors. The established routine of evaluating one BES Division per year is working well, and the resulting COV reports have been extremely helpful to me and to BES. Based on several COV recommendations, we are working on a system that will allow the collection of demographic data; however, the implementation of that recommendation is not straightforward, because it requires the establishment of databases that can store and software that can collect personally identifying information. We are working with our general counsel and our information technology colleagues on this issue. Charge to BESAC (From Ray Orbach to John Hemminger)

Physical Biosciences Michael Kahn, PNNL Photosynthetic Systems Photo- and Bio- Chemistry Richard Greene Vacant, Prog. Asst. Scattering & Instrumentation Sciences Helen Kerch C. Howard, Prog. Asst. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Jim Horwitz M. Agnant, Prog. Asst. Materials Discovery, Design, and Synthesis Arvind Kini Vacant, Prog. Asst. Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Eric Rohlfing, Director Diane Marceau, Program Analyst Michaelene Kyler-King, Program Assistant Harriet Kung, Director Christie Ashton, Program Analyst Ann Lundy, Secretary Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Scientific User Facilities Division Pedro Montano, Director Linda Cerrone, Program Analyst Secretary (Vacant) OperationsConstruction X-ray Scattering Helen Kerch Helen Farrell, INL Neutron Scattering Helen Kerch Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopies Jane Zhu Ultrafast Science and Instrumentation Jim Glownia (8/07) Exp. Cond. Mat. Phys. James Horwitz D. Finnemore, Ames Daniel Friedman, NREL Theo. Cond. Mat. Phys. Dale Koelling Randy Fishman, ORNL James Davenport, BNL Physical Behavior of Materials Refik Kortan Mechanical Behavior and Radiation Effects John Vetrano Tech. Coordination Program Management John Vetrano Materials Chemistry Richard Kelley James McBreen, BNL Biomolecular Materials Arivinda Kini Synthesis and Processing Science Tim Fitzsimmons Bonnie Gersten Exp. Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Kristin Bennett Catalysis Science Raul Miranda Paul Maupin Michael Chen, ANL Heavy Element Chemistry Lester Morss Norman Edelestein, LBNL Separations and Analysis William Millman Larry Rahn, SNL Geosciences Nicholas Woodward Patrick Dobson, LBNL Marsha Bollinger, AAAS Chemical Transformations John Miller T. Russ, Prog. Asst. Solar Photochemistry Mark Spitler, NREL Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences Elliot Kanter, ANL Condensed-phase and Interfacial Mol. Sci. Gregory Fiechtner Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Richard Hildebrandt Fundamental Interactions Michael Casassa R. Felder, Prog. Asst. Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades Tom Brown NSLS II Tom Brown TEAM Altaf (Tof) Carim Instrument MIEs (SING, LUSI, etc.) Tom Kiess ALS User Support Bldg Tom Brown Ultrafast Chemical Sciences Gas-Phase Chemical Physics Frank Tully, SNL X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities Roger Klaffky Nanoscience Centers & E-beam Centers Altaf (Tof) Carim Accelerator and Detector R&D Facility Coordination, Metrics, Assessment Linac Coherent Light Source Tom Brown 18 Patricia Dehmer, Director Mary Jo Martin, Administrative Specialist Office of Basic Energy Sciences BES Budget and Planning Robert Astheimer, Technical Advisor Margie Davis, Budget Analyst BES Operations Linda Blevins, International/Intergovernmental Richard Burrow, DOE Technical Office Coordination Don Freeburn, DOE and Stakeholder Interactions Ken Rivera, Laboratory Infrastructure/ES&H Karen Talamini, Program Analyst/BESAC

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20 OFFICE OF SCIENCE Berkeley Site Office Aundra Richards Biological & Environmental Res. Jerry Elwood (A) Workforce Dev. for Teachers & Scientists William Valdez (A) Basic Energy Sciences Patricia Dehmer High Energy Physics Robin Staffin Fusion Energy Sciences Raymond Fonck Advanced Scientific Computing Research Michael Strayer Pacific Northwest Site Office Julie Erickson (A) Argonne Site Office Ronald Lutha Ames Site Office Donna Green (A) Thomas Jefferson Site Office James Turi Brookhaven Site Office Michael Holland Fermi Site Office Joanna Livengood Stanford Site Office Aundra Richards (A) Princeton Site Office Jerry Faul Project Assessment Daniel Lehman Budget and Planning A. Byon-Wagner (A) Chicago Office Robert Wunderlich Oak Ridge Office Gerald Boyd Safety, Security and Infrastructure Marcus Jones IT Management Michael Robertson Business Operations John Alleva Nuclear Physics Dennis Kovar SC Integrated Support Center (A) Acting U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science Office of Lab Policy Devon Streit DirectorRaymond Orbach Principal Deputy & Patricia Dehmer (A) Deputy for Programs Dennis Kovar (A) Chief Operating Officer George Malosh