Reviewing: Cold War to Contemporary United States

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Presentation transcript:

Reviewing: Cold War to Contemporary United States SOL: VUS.13 - 15 Reviewing: Cold War to Contemporary United States

Cold War (VUS.13) from end of WW2 until collapse of Soviet Union (1991)

US v. USSR Democratic political institutions and Free market Economy After WW2, occupied West Germany & Japan (both became Democratic) Created Marshall Plan to help rebuild Europe Joined Western Europe in NATO Totalitarian government & Communist (Socialist) Economy After WW2, occupied East Germany & much of Eastern Europe (didn’t become Democratic) Joined Eastern Europe in the Warsaw Pact Didn’t ally with China when it became Communist United States Soviet Union Both joined the United Nations to try to prevent future wars

Cold War “Hot Spots” Result of Truman Doctrine policy of “Containment” of Communism + Eisenhower’s policy of Massive Retaliation ; Millions of Americans served in military to defend Freedom

War in Korea (1950 – 1953) Communist North Korea invaded South Korea; US & UN helped South; Communist China helped North; War ended in Stalemate; South Korea = Non-communist NORTH SOUTH

See how close Cuba is to Florida?? Conflict in Cuba (1961 – 1962) 1950s – Fidel Castro (Communist ) took over Cuban exiles in Florida tried (but failed) to invade Cuba & Overthrow Castro (Bay of Pigs Invasion) See how close Cuba is to Florida??

1962 – Soviet Union put Missiles in Cuba (Cuban Missile Crisis) President Kennedy ordered the Soviet to remove their missiles and for several days the world was on the brink of nuclear war. Soviets Removed their missiles.

War in Vietnam (1954 – 1975) Communist North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam; US helped South; Soviets supplied North Presidents Kennedy & then Johnson sent US troops; US won many Battles, but couldn’t win the War US became Divided – some Supported the war and others (esp. College students) Opposed it

War in Vietnam President Nixon started “Vietnamization” to get “Peace with Honor”, but it failed Nixon Resigned due to Watergate 1975 – North & South merged under Communism Vietnam Veterans were not well treated until later

Impact of the Cold War at home Fear of Communism + Threat of Nuclear War Schools held “Duck & Cover” drills & people built Bomb Shelters in their basements Fear of Spies like Alger Hiss and Julius & Ethel Rosenberg Joseph McCarthy exploited these fears and accused many of being Communist

Cold War at Home Foreign policy was a big issue in Elections (especially for the President) Virginia benefited from Military spending, esp. in Northern VA & Hampton Roads

End of the Cold War Collapse of Soviet Union = Internal problems (rising Nationalism, Gorbachev: Glasnost & Perestroika) + Pressure from US (increased Defense Spending, Reagan “Tear Down this Wall”)

Foreign Policy After Cold War Humanitarian & Foreign Aid and support for Human Rights. George H.W. Bush: Fall of Communism, re-unification of Germany & Collapse of Yugoslavia; Persian Gulf War Bill Clinton: NAFTA, Relations with Vietnam, NATO involvement in former Yugoslavia; no more sanctions against South Africa George W. Bush: 9/11 Attacks, War in Iraq and Afghanistan

Civil Rights Movement (VUS.14) NAACP worked through courts Thurgood Marshall & Oliver Hill Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Separate schools are Unequal; must Desegregate Massive Resistance Closed schools, Private Academies, White Flight

Civil Rights Movement (VUS.14) March on Washington (1963) MLK gave "I Have a Dream" speech Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned Segregation in Public accommodations; President Johnson helped Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed Literacy test allowed Federal registrars President Johnson helped

Contemporary United States (VUS.15) The membership of the Supreme Court has changed over time to include woman (like Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg) and minorities (like Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas). Supreme Court decisions have enlarged individual rights, including the right to privacy.

The “Reagan Revolution” Ronald Reagan and conservative Republicans advocated for tax cuts, reduction in spending on social programs and a stronger military. “The Reagan Revolution” later contributed to the election of other Republicans and a “centrist” Democrat.

Immigration New immigrants, especially from Asia and Latin America, come to the US for Political Freedom & Economic Opportunities. Immigrants contribute to Diversity, provide Cheap Labor & impact Education & Politics.

New Technology Space Program – President Kennedy supported, Neil Armstrong 1st Man on Moon (“One Giant Leap for Mankind”); Sally Ride (1st US Woman in Space); Mars Rover , Hubble telescope, space shuttle, & Voyager missions

New Technology New Technology like Satellites, GPS, Robots & personal Communication devices have improved access to Global information & led to offshoring, growth of service industries, increased Telecommuting & Distance Learning & breakthroughs in medical research like imaging technologies

Contemporary Government The President, Congress and the Federal Reserve all promote a healthy economy through taxation, government spending and monetary policy. In response to terrorism, the United States has increased security at home (Patriot Act) and pursued diplomatic and military initiatives.