Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Responsiveness

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences Anatomists study: Internal and external structure Physical relationships among body parts Physiologists study: How organisms perform vital functions Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences Gross anatomy “Naked eye” anatomy Surface anatomy Regional anatomy Sectional anatomy Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences Microscopic anatomy Cytology: study of individual cells Histology: study of tissues Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences Human physiology: Study of human body function Cell physiology Special physiology System physiology Pathological physiology Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Levels of Organization Life is built on successive levels of increasing complexity: Chemical (or Molecular) Cellular Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Organism Level Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Organ Level The heart Cardiac muscle tissue Tissue Level (Chapter 4) Cellular Level (Chapter 3) Heart muscle cell Protein filaments Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Organ System Level (Chapters 5–20) Figure of 7

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Figure of 7

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular Level (Chapter 3) Heart muscle cell Protein filaments Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Figure of 7

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiac muscle tissue Tissue Level (Chapter 4) Cellular Level (Chapter 3) Heart muscle cell Protein filaments Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Figure of 7

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiovascular Organ Level The heart Cardiac muscle tissue Tissue Level (Chapter 4) Cellular Level (Chapter 3) Heart muscle cell Protein filaments Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Organ System Level (Chapters 5–20) Figure of 7

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Organ Level The heart Cardiac muscle tissue Tissue Level (Chapter 4) Cellular Level (Chapter 3) Heart muscle cell Protein filaments Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Organ System Level (Chapters 5–20) Figure of 7

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Organ Level The heart Cardiac muscle tissue Tissue Level (Chapter 4) Cellular Level (Chapter 3) Heart muscle cell Protein filaments Complex protein molecule Atoms in combination Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Organism Level Organ System Level (Chapters 5–20) Figure of 7

Overview of Organ Systems The human body is arranged in 11 organ systems: Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Introduction to Organ Systems Key Note The body can be divided into 11 organ systems, Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings but all work together and the boundaries between them aren’t absolute

The Integumentary System Figure 1-2(a)

The Skeletal System Figure 1-2(b)

The Muscular System Figure 1-2(c)

The Nervous System Figure 1-2(d)

The Endocrine System Figure 1-2(e)

The Cardiovascular System Figure 1-2(f)

The Lymphatic System Figure 1-2(g)

The Respiratory System Figure 1-2(h)

The Digestive System Figure 1-2(i)

The Urinary System Figure 1-2(j)

Male Reproductive System Figure 1-2(k)

Female Reproductive System Figure 1-2(l)