Chapter 7

Urinary System  Removes water and wastes from the body by filtering blood  Important to maintain homeostasis Stable environment within the body

Parts of the system  Kidneys  Ureters  Urinary bladder  Urethra

Kidney  One on each side of the vertebral column  Functioning part: Nephron: glomerus, bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubes, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubes, collecting tubes  Blood comes INTO kidney via renal artery and LEAVES kidney via renal vein

Ureters  Carry urine away from the kidney and into the urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder  Hollow muscular organ that holds urine.  Release is controlled by sphincter muscles at the “bottom” of the bladder

Urethra  Tube extending from the urinary bladder out of the body  Females: one purpose  Males: dual purpose

Urine  End product of the filtration process  “Normal urine” Pale yellow in color Can be: turbid, brown, white Influenced by diet and stage of reproductive cycle, hydration status  Dehydrated = darker urine Diet and pH  Herbivores more basic  Carnivores more acidic

Typical tests  Urinalysis: examination of urine components  Catheterization: insertion of a tube through the urethra into the urinary bladder (to collect urine)  Cystocentesis: surgical puncture of the urinary bladder to collect urine

Common Illness  Calculus: abnormal mineral deposits (in urine) Leads to stones  Incontinence: inability to control excretory functions  Cystitis: inflammation of the bladder  Prolapse: downward displacement of an organ  Renal failure: inability of kidneys to function

Chapter 7 Exercises  Outline the process of urination Include all the vocabulary for parts of the kidney  Outline Urinalysis What is tested and why? (this is in your book!)  Chapter 7 Review