Macromolecules

1. What does “macro” mean in macromolecules? Macro means large.

Macromolecules 2. List four macromolecules found in living things? Carbohydrates (starches, sugars) Carbohydrates (starches, sugars) Lipids (waxes, fats, and oils) Lipids (waxes, fats, and oils) Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) Proteins (insulin, hemoglobin, antibodies) Proteins (insulin, hemoglobin, antibodies)

Macromolecules 3. What molecules make up carbohydrates such as starch? Starch is made up of many glucose molecules. Starch Glucose

Macromolecules 4. What molecules make up proteins? Proteins are made up of amino acids. Protein Amino acids

Macromolecules 5. What molecules make up most fats? Fats are made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids Glycerol

Macromolecules 6. What molecules make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA? Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. Nucleic acid Nucleotide

Macromolecules 7. When plants undergo photosynthesis, they make their own food. What kind of food molecule do plants make for a quick source of energy? Plants use photosynthesis to make glucose. Glucose stores the energy from sunlight in its chemical bonds. This kind of energy is called chemical energy. Glucose Chemical bonds

Macromolecules 8. What kind of food molecule do plants make for long-term energy storage? Starch is used by plants for long-term energy storage. Plants use photosynthesis to make glucose, which are the molecules that make up starch. Starch Glucose

Macromolecules 9. What kind of molecules regulate the break down of macromolecules into smaller molecules? Enzymes breakdown macromolecules into smaller molecules. For example, the enzyme protease breaks down proteins into amino acids. The enzyme amylase breaks down starches into glucose molecules. And the enzyme lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids.

Macromolecules 10. Where is energy stored in a simple sugar like glucose? Energy is stored in sugar’s chemical bonds. Glucose Chemical bonds