Improvement of pseudoelasticity and ductility of Beta III titanium alloy—application to orthodontic wires by P Laheurte, A Eberhardt, MJ Philippe, and.

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Improvement of pseudoelasticity and ductility of Beta III titanium alloy—application to orthodontic wires by P Laheurte, A Eberhardt, MJ Philippe, and L Deblock Eur J Orthod Volume 29(1):8-13 February 8, 2007 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Wire rigidity on dental displacement—‘ideal’ wire with constant force (A) and with two different rigidities (B). P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Tensile diagram showing the apparent modulus (Etg), unloading secant modulus (Es), recoverable strain (εr), and strain to fracture (εm). P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Tensile diagrams of principal orthodontic wires, and compared with bone Es = secant modulus. P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Influence of heat treatment on (a) ductility and (b) the recoverable strain and unloading secant modulus. P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Influence of plastic pre-deformation (0 1, and 15 per cent) on the recoverable strain εr = εM + εelast and on the unloading secant modulus (rectangular wires 0.63 × 0.43 mm). P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Influence of grain size on (a) recoverable strain and (b) unloading secant modulus. P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Comparison of unloading secant modulus (Es) and recoverable strain (εr) of principal alloys with optimized Beta III: (a) εr and Es modulus and (b) strain to fracture. P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Scanning electron micrograph of Beta III alloy (×200) after bending at 180 degrees: (a) optimized structure and (b) cold wiredrawing. P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.

Beta III characteristic of bending test: loading–unloading cycles for three imposed deflexions at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm (wire 0.17 × 0.25 inch, distance between the two brackets 14 mm). P Laheurte et al. Eur J Orthod 2006;29:8-13 © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved.