APA Referencing

Your Finished Assignment Where does this workshop fit? Answering the Question Clarify the question Identify task Note taking Guidelines Methods How Readings Become Assignments Essay Writing Introduction Body Conclusion APA referencing In text citing End of text reference list Your Finished Assignment

Workshop Overview Referencing and Plagiarism APA format defined In-text referencing Direct quotes and paraphrasing End-of-text referencing

Referencing and Plagiarism Acknowledging and identifying information sources is called Referencing Using others’ ideas, without giving credit, is Plagiarism Plagiarism has serious consequences

Why Reference? To acknowledge or mihi to the person you got the information from To direct readers to specific information sources Shows the reader: How widely we have read The quality of our sources

We use APA referencing

In text & end-of-text referencing In-text – paraphrasing, summarising or direct quotes in our sentences and paragraphs End of text - the reference list at the end of the assignment

In-text referencing - Direct quotes As a guide, don’t use more than 5% of the total essay word count as direct quotes Include quotes less than 40 words as part of the essay Separate quotes more than 40 words with a line space and indentation Include the page number for all direct quotes

In-text referencing - Paraphrasing Accurately putting the ideas into our own words Paraphrased ideas still need to be referenced!

In-text referencing - Summarising Providing an overview of an idea or piece of research More general than a direct quote or paraphrase A summary still needs to be referenced!

Quotes, paraphrases, summaries RESEARCH Quote: Very specific Paraphrase: Identifies one main idea Summary: Very general overview

In-text referencing Citing or including a citation Include: The author’s surname/s The year of publication Page number for direct quotes Depends number of authors

In-text referencing – 1 author One author: Smith (1999) suggested that… … is one theory (Smith, 2000). Two authors: Smith and Jones (1999) suggested that… … is one theory (Smith & Jones, 1999).

In-text referencing – 3-5 Authors First reference Smith, Jones, Davis, and Douglas (2005) suggested that… … is one theory (Smith, Jones, Davis, & Douglas, 2005). Subsequent references …was developed as well (Smith et al., 2005).

In-text referencing – 6 or more Authors Surname of the first author and ‘et al.’ every time we refer to them: Smith et al. (1999) suggested that… … is one theory (Smith et al., 1999).

End-of-text Referencing Needs to be exact – down to commas, full stops, italics and capital letters. Specific to the type of reference (e.g. book, website, journal article). Use a quick guide, go to Stylewizard.com or use the reference wizard in Word 2007.

Quick referencing hand out

End-of-text Referencing Reference list needs: A heading: References Alphabetical order of the first author of each reference Indented after the first line of each reference Extra line between each reference

End-of-text Referencing Referencing books: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book. Place: Publisher. Smith, K.L. (2000). Communication theory. New York: Plenum Press. Smith, K.L., & Jones, P.J. (2005). Media studies. Sydney: Oxford Press. Slides 19 – 23 may be better replaced by exercises using the quick reference guide rather than going through them on the screen.

End-of-text Referencing Referencing book chapters: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book chapter. In A.A. Author, & B.B. Author (Eds.), Title of book (pages of book). Place: Publisher. Smith, K.L., & Jones, K.P., & Douglas, J.J. (2000). Communication theory. In A.J. Smith & K.L. Jones (Eds.), Communication and the media (pp.2-34). New York: Plenum Press.

End-of-text Referencing Referencing journals: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Issue number, pages. Smithers, R.K. (1976). English morphology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 17, 19 – 27. Smithers, R.K., Sweeney, G., & Sutherland, P.E. (1979). English phonology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 18, 39 – 46.

End-of-text Referencing Referencing electronic journals: Surname, Initials. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Edition number, pages. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. Smith, K.L., (2000). Role of supervisors in performance. Performance Management, 2, 23-45. Retrieved August 23, 2006, from http://www.performance.com/article1.

End-of-text Referencing Referencing websites (if no author is given, start with the title): Surname, Initials. (Year, month day). Name of web page. Retrieved month day, year, from Name of Web Site: www.url.co.nz Smith, K.L. (2000, February 20). Role of supervisors in performance. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Performance Management: http://www.performance.com/supervisors

Summary Referencing acknowledges the ideas of others We refer to those ideas by summarising, paraphrasing or quoting References need to be written in specific ways We don’t need to memorise the format, but can look it up each time we need it A reference list includes all the references included in the assignment

Remember… If you need more help, just ask your Kaiako, Librarian or Student Support Advisor. We are here for you!