CHANGING EARTH’S SURFACE Water Erosion. Udden-Wentworth Scale.

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Presentation transcript:

CHANGING EARTH’S SURFACE Water Erosion

Udden-Wentworth Scale

Sediments in Motion

Runoff  Runoff: water that moves over Earth’s surface.  Runoff flows in a thin layer over land = sheet erosion.  Amount of runoff depends on: Amount of rain in an area. Vegetation. Type of Soil. Shape of the land. How people use the land.

Effects of Runoff

Rills, Gullies, Streams and Rivers Rills flow into gullies Rills Gullies join together to form a stream Gully Streams are often called creeks or brooks Stream A large stream is a river. River

Runoff, Rills, and Gullies

Erosion by Rivers  Causes the Formation of:  Valleys  Waterfalls  Flood Plains  Meanders  Oxbow Lakes

Erosion of Rivers MeandersOxbow LakeWaterfall Floodplain

Deposits by Rivers  Anytime moving water slows down, it drops, or deposits, some of the sediment.  Larger stones also quit rolling and sliding.  Creates these landforms:  Alluvial Fans  Deltas  Soil on floodplains

Alluvial Fans  A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range.  The deposit is shaped like a fan.

Deltas  Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake builds up.  Examples: Nile River (left) & Mississippi River (right)

American River Delta in Sacramento, CA

Erosion and Sediment Load  A river is a dynamic system.

Erosion and Sediment Load  These factors affect how fast the river flows and how much sediment it can erode:  River’s slope Increase in slope = water’s increase in speed  Volume of flow More water flowing in a river = increase in speed  The shape of its streambed River flowing in a strait line = water flows faster near the center of the river than its sides. If a river curves = water moves fastest along the outside of the curve.

Erosion and Sediment Load

Erosion and Deposition Summary

Credits  Schlumburger Website Retrieved on 3/12/ &tbm=isch&tbnid=cGZW6haL7- ve7M:&imgrefurl= tp:// vpx=115&vpy=4&dur=244&hovh=226&hovw=223&tx=101&ty=117&sig= &page=2&tbnh=165&tb nw=162&start=15&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:15ved=1t:429,r:10,s:15  Earth Science Australia retrieved on 3/12/12 w=1158&bih=702&tbm=isch&tbnid=41-qN5iKWb- JXM:&imgrefurl= arthsci.org/mineral/rockmin/sed/clastics.gif&w=627&h=368&ei=W1ReT- fiFYHTiALfy5noBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=99&vpy=419&dur=7108&hovh=172&hovw=293&tx=194&ty=89&sig= &page=2&tbnh=123&tbnw=210&start=15&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:15

Credits ih=702&tbm=isch&tbnid=La1Bxo5KOmHZQM:&imgrefurl= mgurl= vZDfBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=860&vpy=282&dur=3630&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=69&ty=80&sig= &p age=8&tbnh=151&tbnw=201&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:136  Henry County Georgia retrieved on 3/13/12 md=imvns&tbnid=gDG2L3H47Dqq3M:&imgrefurl= ml&docid=hTY3kNciMaZVIM&imgurl= 336&ei=NmpfT9XOH- aiiQKwnvm7BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=314&vpy=305&dur=11&hovh=192&hovw=262&tx=129&ty=113&sig= &page=2&tbnh=143&tbnw=195&start=15&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:15t:429,r:11,s:15 Virtual Geology Museum Retrieved on 3/13/12 h=691&tbm=isch&tbnid=0ZPFWRoQqYumUM:&imgrefurl= pals/058.htm&docid=Q-EmYyvDbY4izM&imgurl= pals/6opal058.jpg&w=640&h=451&ei=- 9NfT4akDYaOiALa0LDFBA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=372&sig= &page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=204&start =0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0&tx=71&ty=44