THE THREE STATES OF MATTER 1

What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. 2

Properties of Matter How It Looks (Shiny,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Looks (Shiny,Dull, Color, etc.) How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough, Smooth, etc.) How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough, Smooth, etc.) How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No Smell, etc.) How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No Smell, etc.) How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No Sound, etc.) How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No Sound, etc.) What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, Break, Magnetism etc.) What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, Break, Magnetism etc.) 3

SOLIDS 4

States of matter Substances can exist as solids, liquids or gases. 1. Solids In a solid the particles (molecules) vibrate about fixed positions within a close packed regular structure. The particles cannot move in between each other which results in a solid having a definite shape and fixed volume. TRIPLE ONLY

SOLID A solid is matter that has that has definite size and shape. Example: Put a rock in a beaker. It stays the same. 6

Liquids 7

LIQUID A liquid takes the shape of any container. Example: Pour water into a glass/beaker. The water will take on the shape of the beaker. 8

2. Liquids When a solid is heated it may melt to form a liquid. In a liquid the particles (molecules) move in-between each other and are approximately the same distance apart as in a solid. A liquid does not have a definite shape but it does have a fixed volume. TRIPLE ONLY

GAS 10

Gas Gas is matter that has no definite shape. Gases take the shape of whatever container they are in and occupy all the available space. Example: The air all around us is a gas. 11

3. Gases When a gas is heated it may evaporate or boil to form a gas. In a gas the particles (molecules) move in-between each other and are much further apart than they are in a liquid. A gas takes up the shape and volume of its container. TRIPLE ONLY

Property summary table PropertySolidsLiquidsGases definite shape yesno can be easily compressed no yes relative density high low can flow (fluid) noyes expands to fill container no yes fixed volume yes no

Physical changes in matter A Physical change is a change in the state of matter without any chemical reaction. Solid changes into Liquid Solid changes into Liquid Liquid changes into gas Liquid changes into gas Mixture up two solids Mixture up two solids Mixing up solid and liquid (Solution) e.g. salt in water. Mixing up solid and liquid (Solution) e.g. salt in water. 14

Work sheet 2 Draw this diagram !

Chemical changes in matter New Matter is formed. Burning of paper and wood Rusting of iron 16

CHEMICAL CHANGES 17

Is this a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Can you find more than one type of matter in any of the pictures? 18

Is this a physical change or a chemical change? Can you find more than one physical or chemical change in the pictures? 19