1 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Overview CRaTER PDR 6/27/2005 Craig Tooley

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 2 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/ Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) First Step in the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program LRO Objectives Characterization of the lunar radiation environment, biological impacts, and potential mitigation. Key aspects of this objective include determining the global radiation environment, investigating the capabilities of potential shielding materials, and validating deep space radiation prototype hardware and software. Develop a high resolution global, three dimensional geodetic grid of the Moon and provide the topography necessary for selecting future landing sites. Assess in detail the resources and environments of the Moon’s polar regions. High spatial resolution assessment of the Moon’s surface addressing elemental composition, mineralogy, and Regolith characteristics

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 3 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 Develop an understanding of the Moon in support of human exploration (hazards, topography, navigation, environs) Understand the current state and evolution of the volatiles (ice) and other resources in context Biological adaptation to lunar environment (radiation, gravitation, dust...) GEOLOGY Environs Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount Topography & Environments Polar Regions Human adaptation ICE ( Resources ) LRO Mission Overview Science and Exploration Objectives

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 4 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission LRO Payload Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Measurement Investigation – LOLA will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes and search for polar ices in shadowed regions. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale features that could be landing site hazards, as well as wide-angle images at multiple wavelengths of the lunar poles to document changing illumination conditions and potential resources. Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) – LEND will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice and provide measurements of the space radiation environment which can be useful for future human exploration. Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment – Diviner will map the temperature of the entire lunar surface at 300 meter horizontal scales to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits. Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) – LAMP will observe the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ices and frosts in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) – CRaTER will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation. Early LRO Conceptual Design LRO Timeline /6 FBO 6/18 AO Release 12/22 AO Select 7/26 PDR 10/15 Confirm 6/26 CDR4/2 MOR 10/15 Instrument Delivery 12/3 PE R 10/15 LRD 7/15 MRR 11/15 EOM Extended Mission

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Mission Overview LRO Payload – Instruments & Data Products

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 6 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Project Status All instrument TIM completed. Level 1 ESMD requirements document draft released for review, to go to ESMD PMC during June. MRD (level 2 requirements) released for review and PDR use. Propulsion subsystem procurement RFP to be released by end of June. Ground Network requirements baselined, acquisition of 18m S/Ka antenna at WSGT in progress. LRO directed to accommodate Mini-RF as technology Demonstration –Modest impact to mission resources –Impacts ongoing spacecraft design – slip PDR to September 2005 RLE Program and LRO Project moved from HQ SMD to HQ ESMD, transition in progress. – May have some near-term impacts to planned review activites LRO anticipates no further funding issues in FY05/06

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 7 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Mission Overview Orbiter Space Segment Design LRO Configuration Preliminary System Block Diagram Preliminary LRO Characteristics Mass1272 kg Power ( bus orbit ave.) W Measurement Data Volume 575 Gb/day

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 8 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 Launch on a Delta II class rocket into a direct insertion trajectory to the moon. On-board propulsion system used to capture at the moon, insert into and maintain 50 km altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit. 1 year mission Orbiter is a 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointed spacecraft designed to operate continuously during the primary mission. LRO is designed to be capable of performing an extended mission of up to 4 additional years in a low maintenance orbit. LRO Mission Overview Flight Plan – Direct using 3-Stage ELV

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 9 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Mission Overview Ground System LRO Ground System and Mission Operations concepts are established LRO Operations Synopsis 3x 45 min of Ka-band downlink/day Near continuous S-band Tracking 30min/orbit (near-side) Plan 1 command upload/day Orbit adjust required every ~ 4 weeks MOC routes Level 0 data to PI SOCs SOCs deliver to PDS MOC maintains short term archive LRO Ground Network Baseline Configuration 18m Ka/S station at White Sands w/ shared back-up 2 X Upgraded S-Band Stations situated for continuous coverage Additional S-band STDN back-ups

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 10 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 Mission Phases Overview

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 11 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Mission Schedule

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 12 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Requirements Development & Flow-Down NASA HQ –ORDT defined measurement objectives –Established the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program (RLEP) –ESMD defines LRO level 1 requirements (in draft review) RLEP –Specifies relevant GSFC guidelines and direction –Develops MAR and Project Plan –LRO Project baselined as 1 st mission LRO Project Plan PAIP SEMP MRD (in draft release) –Level 2 requirements –Level 3 requirements

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 13 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Requirements Development and Flowdown Robotic Lunar Exploration Program * MAR * RLEP Project Plan ORDT - Science Objectives * Characterize lunar radiation environment and mitigations * Produce 3D global map * Assess resources including H 2 0 and landing sites at poles * Global resource mapping NASA HQ Directives * Budget Constraints * Schedule Constraints * Russian Federal Space Agency Partnership * NPR, NPD LRO Concept Formulation Studies * Architecture Trades * Implementation Trades * Instrument Trades * S/C Design Studies LRO Mission Operations Concept * Nominal Operations: Data Flows Spacecraft Ops Ground Element Ops * Special Operations: Launch and Early Orbit End of Mission Attitude Maneuvers Lunar Orbit Maneuvers Extended mission * Contingency Operations: Data Flows Spacecraft Ground Elements Level 1 LRO Requirements * Measurement Requirements * Lifetime * Launch * Orbit * S/C * S/C Instrument * Accommodations * Measurement Investigation * Data Policies and Validation Level 2 LRO Mission Requirements * Space Segment: Instruments Spacecraft * Ground Segment: Ground Station Mission Op Center Science Op Center Ground Network Data Distribute & Archive * Overall Mission Launch Services: * Instruments * Process Requirements * Science Requirements LRO Project * LRO Project Plan * PAIP * Configuration Management LRO Systems Engineering Plan Requirement Management Design Tracking Risk Management Resource Tracking PDR LRO Mission Element Requirements * Instruments LOLA LROC LEND Diviner LAMP CRaTER * Spacecraft * Ground NASA Mission Operations 18m Ground Station Ground Validation & Cal Global Lunar Data Processing GSFC Management Guidelines * GPR * GSFC-STD-1000 * GEVS Accept L2 Requirements Present Verification Plan Review & Accept Element Requirements Verify Flow Down

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 14 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Instrument Requirements Documents LRO Program Requirements Document ESMD Controlled Document Contains Level 0 & 1 LRO Mission Requirements Document 431-RQMT Contains Level 2 RLEP Mission Assurance Requirements 430-RQMT Payload Assurance Implementation Program CRaTER, Diviner, LAMP, LEND, LOLA, LROC LRO Electrical Systems ICD 431-ICD CRaTER Electrical ICD 431-ICD DLRE Electrical ICD 431-ICD LAMP Electrical ICD 431-ICD LEND Electrical ICD 431-ICD LOLA Electrical ICD 431-ICD LROC Electrical ICD 431-ICD CRaTER Data ICD 431-ICD DLRE Data ICD 431-ICD LEND Data ICD 431-ICD LOLA Data ICD 431-ICD LAMP Data ICD 431-ICD LROC Data ICD 431-ICD LRO Radiation Requirements 431-RQMT Contamination Control Plan 431-PLAN Observatory Verification Plan 431-PLAN Integration and Test Plan 431-PLAN LRO Space Wire Specification 431-SPEC Mission Concept of Operations Document 431-OPS See pg.2 GEVS GSFC-STD-7000 NASA Software Engineering Requirements NPR Mechanical Environments and Verification Requirements 431-RQMT

NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 15 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005 LRO Instrument Requirements Documents (cont.) General Thermal Subsystem Specification 431-SPEC Thermal Modeling Requirements Document 431-RQMT CRaTER TICD 431-ICD DLRE TICD 431-ICD LAMP TICD 431-ICD LEND TICD 431-ICD LOLA TICD 431-ICD LROC TICD 431-ICD LRO Program Requirements Document ESMD Controlled Document Contains Level 0 & 1 LRO Mission Requirements Document 431-RQMT Contains Level 2 CRaTER Mechanical ICD 431-ICD DLRE Mechanical ICD 431-ICD LAMP Mechanical ICD 431-ICD LEND Mechanical ICD 431-ICD LOLA Mechanical ICD 431-ICD LROC Mechanical ICD 431-ICD MID Guidelines Handbook 431-HDBK CRaTER Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing DLRE Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LAMP Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LEND Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LOLA Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LROC Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LRO Ground System ICD 431-ICD LRO Detailed Mission Requirements (DMR) for the LRO Ground System 431-RQMT Mission Concept of Operations Document 431-OPS