Protein Synthesis. Ribosomes 16S rRNA Secondary Structures.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Protein Synthesis Prof.Dr. Gönül Kanıgür.

Advertisements

Protein Synthesis and Controlled Protein Breakdown

13-13 Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Gene Structure, Transcription, & Translation

The Molecular Genetics of Gene Expression

Central Dogma Cytoplasm of eukaryote Cytoplasm of prokaryote DNAmRNA Protein transcription translation replication Translation converts sequence of bases.

18 and 20 October, 2004 Chapter 14 Translation. Overview Translation uses the nucleotide sequence of mRNA to specify protein sequence. Each ORF specifies.

translation RBS RBS: ribosome binding site Ribosome(r RNA + r protein)

(CHAPTER 13- Brooker Text) Translation Sept 25, 2008 BIO 184 Dr. Tom Peavy.

Ch14 Translation Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Attachment of amino acids to tRNA The ribosome Initiation of translation Translation elongation Termination.

Amino acid activation. The two-step process in which an amino acid (with its side chain denoted by R) is activated for protein synthesis by an aminoacyl-tRNA.

Chapter 22 (Part 2) Protein Synthesis. Translation Slow rate of synthesis (18 amino acids per second) In bacteria translation and transcription are coupled.

Copyright, ©, 2002, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,Karp/CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 3E Translation Initiation, Elongation, Termination.

Protein Synthesis Chapter 8.

Protein Biosynthesis By Amr S. Moustafa, M.D.; Ph.D.

Briefly review prokaryotic machinery Initiation in Eukaryotes

Protein synthesis Types and site of protein synthesis:

Protein synthesis decodes the information in messenger RNA

Chapter 14 Translation.

Colinearity of Gene and Protein DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription translation.

Protein Metabolism Protein Synthesis.

Colinearity of Gene and Protein DNA RNA protein genotype function organism phenotype DNA sequence amino acid sequence transcription translation.

Birth of proteins by translation

Translation. Function of 5′ CAP Protect mRNA from degradation-RNAses cannot cleave triphosphate linkages Protect mRNA from degradation-RNAses cannot cleave.

Chapter 13: Synthesis and Processing of Proteome Copyright © Garland Science 2007.

Translation How the Genetic Information Is Used to Build a Protein.

Protein Synthesis: Ch 17 From : Kevin Brown – University of Florida

1 Genetic code: Def. Genetic code is the nucleotide base sequence on DNA ( and subsequently on mRNA by transcription) which will be translated into a sequence.

Translation BIT 220 Chapter 13 Making protein from mRNA Most genes encode for proteins -some make RNA as end product.

Medical Genetics & Genomics Guri Tzivion, PhD Extension 506 BCHM 590: Fall 2015 Windsor University School of Medicine.

Processes of Nucleic AcidsSeptember 17 & 18, 2012 DNA Synthesis (Replication) 1.Helicase – Separates parental DNA strands (unwind double helix) 2.ssB (single-stranded.

LECT 20: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL High fidelity of protein synthesis from mRNA is essential. Mechanisms controling translation accuracy.

Covers : 1. RNA Processing 2. Translation 3. Genetic Engineering 4. Membrane Transport.

Section Q Protein synthesis

Fig. 9-1 Chapter 9: Proteins and their synthesis Coupled transcription/translation Compartmented transcription/processing/translation.

Translation.  Is the process in which mRNA provides a template for synthesis of polypeptide.

BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW Overview of Biomolecules Chapter 13 Protein Synthesis.

Definitions tran·scrip·tion (noun): the act of making an exact copy of a document. –Example: the very old method for making a copy of a book by hand.

TRANSCRIPTION. NECESSARY COMPONENTS DNA matrix DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase АТP, GТP, CТP, UТP Мg ions.

Lecture 08 - Translation Based on Chapter 6 Gene Expression: Translation Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Inc. What is the chemical composition of a.

Protein Metabolism CH353 April 3, 2008.

Translation 7.3. Translation the information coded in mRNA is translated to a polypeptide chain.

Eukaryotic Translation mRNA tRNA rRNA. -monocistronic -1,000-2,000 bases long -methylated at 5’cap bases of poly A at 3’end -nontranslated.

Mechanics of Translation Initiation Elongation Termination.

Step 2 of protein synthesis: Translation “The players” 1.Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Folded into three-lobed shape (clover-like)  At one lobe, resides an anticodon.

Lesson 4- Gene Expression PART 2 - TRANSLATION. Warm-Up Name 10 differences between DNA replication and transcription.

Translation – Initiation

Genetic Code Codons composed of three nucleotides in RNA Codon specifies amino acid or stop Genetic code is redundant.

Chapter 24 Translation.

Gene Expression II. Translation Overview Conversion of triplet code into polypeptide Takes place at ribosome in cytoplasm Involves all 3 types of RNA.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15 Opener Translation.

Protein Synthesis. Central Dogma Transcription - mRNA Genetic information is first transcribed into an RNA molecule. This intermediary RNA molecule is.

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein AP Biology Mrs. Ramon.

Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code II 25 October 2013.

Translation Dr. Kevin Ahern.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Protein Synthesis (Translation)

Genetic Code and Translation

Genetic code: Def. Genetic code is the nucleotide base sequence on DNA ( and subsequently on mRNA by transcription) which will be translated into a sequence.

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Protein Synthesis Dr. M. Jawad Hassan

Translation Apr 25, 2018.

Genetic Code and Translation

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Gene expression Translation

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype

Protein Synthesis Kim Foreman, PhD

Presentation transcript:

Protein Synthesis

Ribosomes

16S rRNA Secondary Structures

30S Subunit Structure: 16S rRNA & proteins

Electron Density Models of Both Subunits & tRNAs

70S Ribosome Showing tRNAs in A, P & E Sites

Prokaryotic Ribosomes

tRNA Structure

Modified Bases

Codon - Anticodon Base-Pairing - Role of Wobble Bases

The Genetic Code

Aminoacyl Transferase Determines Specificity of Amino Acid Inserted at a Codon

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Function

Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Structure

Chemistry of Aminoacylation

Roles of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors eIF-1 Promotes dissociation of 80S ribosomes Binds after eIF-4 and allows scanning to begin eIF-2 GTPase activated by 60S subunit binding Stabilizes binding of initiator met- tRNA i met eIF-3 Promotes 80S ribosome dissociation Binds to 40S subunit & prevents reassociation of 60S subunit Promotes binding of eIF-2 eIF-4 Multi-component complex Recruits mRNA binding Recognizes cap, pA tail Promotes binding of eIF-1 for scanning eIF-5 Promotes reformation of 80S ribosome Displaces eIF-6 eIF-6 Promotes dissociation of 80S ribosome Binds 60S subunit & prevents reassociation with 40S subunit

Translation Initiation

eIF-1 + eIF-6 eIF-1 + eIF3 Steps in Eukaryotic Translation Initiation eIF-6

eIF4 Complex Components & Functions eIF4E – Cap binding eIF4G – eIF3 binding PAB1P binding eIF4A – helicase eIF4B – stimulates RNA binding of eIF4A

Scanning Model of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Requirements: Must be able to determine which AUG is the right one to start translation

Kozack Consensus CCRCCAUGG

Overview of Elongation

Elongation Step 1: Binding of aa-tRNA Eukaryotic counterparts: EF1  EF1 

TC=EF1  ·GTP ·aa-tRNA Kinetics of First Elongation Step Allow Proofreading Rib = ribosome + met-tRNA i met

Peptidyl Transferase is Large Ribosomal Subunit

Peptidyl Transferase Active Site & Reaction Mechanism

GTP Hydrolysis Is Required for Translocation Eukaryotic counterpart: EF-2

Structure of EF-G Compared to EF-TutRNA Complex EF-TutRNA EF-G

Overview of Elongation

Elongation

Translocation

Similarity Between eRF1 Tertiary Structure and tRNA

Termination Factors RF-3 & eRF-2 RF-3 – Prokaryotic eRF-2 – Eukaryotic Are GTPases that catalyzes the actual cleavage of the pep- tRNA bond to release the peptide

Protein Folding