The Cell Structure and Function. Recall the Cell Theory 1. The cell is the basic unit of life 2. All living things are composed of one or more cells 3.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cell Structure and Function

Recall the Cell Theory 1. The cell is the basic unit of life 2. All living things are composed of one or more cells 3. All cells come from other cells

Types of Cells Prokaryotes Have no nucleus or organelles Ex: Bacteria Eukaryotes Have membrane-bound nucleus and organelles Ex: Cheek Cell (Human)

Types of Living Things Unicellular Composed of only one cell Multicellular Composed of many cells

Basic Structures Animal Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole (sometimes) Plant Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm LARGE Vacuole** Cell Wall** Chloroplast**

Specialized Organelles Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Body Mitochondria Cilia Flagella

Ribosome Function: Build protein out of amino acids Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm Some ribosomes are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) There are two types of ER: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

RER Ribosomes are attached to it, giving it a rough appearance Transports the proteins that are made by the ribosomes to other parts of the cell Helps produce cell membranes

SER Smooth appearance because there are no ribosomes attached to it Have an enzyme that breaks down toxins like alcohol Help produce lipids

Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus) The RER sends proteins here Processes, Sorts and sends proteins to their proper destinations in and outside of the cell (Fed Ex of the cell)

Mitochondria Breaks down organic molecules (glucose) to make ATP for energy ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) is an energy- storing molecule; your body can break it down quickly when energy is needed There are a lot of mitochondria in the muscles and heart because they need lots of energy

Centriole Only present when the cell is dividing Play an important role in cell reproduction

Cilia Flagella Enable unicellular organisms to move Cilia is hairlike, flagella is like a tail In multicellular organisms: Cilia found in the windpipe move mucus out of the lungs Flagella help sperm move

Study Resources: Interactive organelle review! Take a quiz and get your score! biological_sciences/lab3/biolab3_2.html biological_sciences/lab3/biolab3_2.html View pictures of cells under a microscope!