Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Toshio Koike, Petra Koudelova (University of Tokyo), Sam Benedict, Steve Williams (NCAR/EOL) 3 rd IGOS-Cryosphere Theme Workshop, Noordwijk, 16 – 18 October 2006 CEOP HP :

LONG-TERM GUIDING GOAL To understand and model the influence of continental hydroclimate processes on the predictability of global atmospheric circulation and changes in water resources, with a particular focus on the heat source and sink regions that drive and modify the climate system and anomalies. c Integrated global dataset: - in-situ observation (35 reference sites) - satellite products - model output Coordinated in time and space; Consistent format compatible with ISO standards; Good accessibility

CEOP Timeline ‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06‘05‘04‘03‘02‘01‘00‘99 CEOP Activities Year Phase 1 Phase 2 Preparations Data Collection Data Management Research Activities EOP2: Build-up (Oct2001 – Sep2002) EOP1: Prelim. p. (Jul-Sep 2001) EOP3: 1 st annual cycle (Oct2002 – Sep2003) EOP4: 2 nd annual cycle (Oct2003 – Dec2004) Phase 2 observing p. (Jan2007 – Dec2010)

In-situ observation data:  In-situ observation data: 35 reference sites over the globe Satellite observation data:  Satellite observation data: ADEOS-II:GLI (Radiance, Precipitable water, SST, Snow grain size, Aerosol optical thickness, Cloud parameters,Cloud liquid water,1km surface reflectance, Vegetation index), AMSR (like AQUA AMSR-E) AQUA: AMSR-E (Brightness temp., Soil moisture, Snow water equivalent, Rain rate, Water vapor, Cloud liquid w., SST, Sea surface wind speed), AIRS, MODIS DMSP:SSM/I (Brightness temperature) GMS-5:VISSR (Brightness temperature, Albedo) GOES-9:VISSR (Brightness temperature, Albedo) ENVISAT:ASAR (Medium resolution image, precise image, geocoded image), MERIS (TOA radiance, Cloud and Water vapour, Vegetation indices), NOAA:AVHRR TERRA:MODIS TRMM: TMI (Brightness temp., Rain rate profile, Surface rain), PR (Rain rate profile, Surface rain) Model output data:  Model output data: Currently 12 contributing NWP and Data assimilation Centers: BMRC (Australia), CPTEC (Brazil), ECMWF (Europe), ECPC (USA), JMA (Japan), MSC (Canada), NASA-GLDAS, NASA-GMAO, NCEP (USA), NCMRWF (India), UKMO (UK), EPSON Meteo (Italy – will contribute to Phase 2)  AnalysisAssimilationForecastGlobal MOLTS  Analysis/Assimilation & Forecast products  Global gridded model output & MOLTS – (Model Output Location Time Series) at reference site locations  OperationalReanalysisGlobal Regional  Operational & Reanalysis system products; Global & Regional NWP systems  Global fields  Five monsoon regions subsets  250x250 km subsets around reference sites

Data Integrating/Archiving Center at University of Tokyo and JAXA of Japan Model Output Data Archiving Center at the World Data Center for Climate, Max- Planck Institute for Meteorology of Germany In-Situ Data Archiving Center at NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) of USA A well organized archiving system  data collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating ! Data sharing policy ! Metadata standard - ISO TC/

projects/ceop/dm/ INTEGRATED IN-SITU SATELLITE MODEL EOL work supported by NOAA/CPO

satellite model NCAR MPI UT/JAXA In-situ Computing Power Computing Power Distributed Integration Services GrADS/ DODS for Subsets GrADS/ DODS for Subsets GrADS/ DODS for Subsets Centralized Integration Services Distributed Data Integration System  available on-line since June 2005 Centralized Data Integration System  available on-line since June 2005

Possible Steps for Expanding the CEOP System to Accommodate Cryosphere Data and Products 1.To include into the CEOP database observations from existing reference sites/basins in cold regions (Arctic/Antarctic) 2.To include further cryosphere satellite products into the CEOP database 3.To include cryosphere-related model output into the CEOP database; identify further variables (if any) that need to be stored 4.To accommodate “special-format” cryosphere data and products (glaciers, permafrost, sea ice…) – need to discuss with the data management group the format and the way how to include these types of data  workshop

CEOP Phase 2 – Cold region study: To diagnose, simulate and predict water and energy fluxes and reservoirs in cold regions on diurnal to annual temporal scales as well as apply these predictions for water resource applications based on the enhanced observations and the tools and techniques already established by CliC and CEOP. CEOP-CliC proposal for IPY: 1.Convergence of Observation and Data Integration (Reference site/basin network in cryosphere; Integrated satellite products in cold region) 2.Long-term Variation of Snow Distribution in the Northern High Latitude Region and Its Impacts on Atmospheric Circulation (Seasonal and Inter- annual Variation of Land Hydrological Conditions – using satellite products validated by in-situ observations) 3.Water and Energy Budgets (WEBs) (What components of the water and energy cycles in northern latitudes can be observed, and how well they can be simulated; Impacts of the WEB variation on the atmospheric circulation; Intercomparison among the large river basins facing to Arctic Sea) 4.High Mountain Hydrology Including Glacier (From process study to application to water resources management ) CEOP-CliC Collaboration

1. Convergence of Observation and Data Integration Targets: ・ Reference site/basin network in cryosphere ・ Integrated satellite products in cold region Strategy: (1) Sophistically integrated in-situ observation (super site/basin) including isotope, streamflow: new site involvement through focusing location, number, standard. (2) Common metadata and data policy (Interoperability) (ISO19115; Link CEOP Data to DISC; Shared Archives, Buoys, field project data, Satellite data/products) (3) Data quality check (CEOP standards; Solid precipitation questionnaire for reference sites) (4) Integrated satellite products validated by in-situ data: snow, snowfall, soil moisture, canopy snow, (vegetation) (5) Precipitation data applying various methods

CEOP Reference Site in the Cold Regions

In-situ Data Archive 1D site: Near surface +surface + sub-surface; atmospheric sounding (radiosonde, wind profile, LIDAR, microwave rain radar) is highly desirable 2D site: A few 1D sites + surface heterogeneity with an area  100 km 2 3D site: 1D sites network (+3D system) or 2.5 site + 3D atmosphere (Doppler radar, cloud radar, aerosonde aircraft) with an area  10 4 km 2  Sub-surface (0 to -1m): soil moisture and temperature profile, heat conduction, soil characteristics  Surface(0 to +2m): 4-component radiation, PAR, surface temperature, surface soil moisture, precipitation, vegetation type characteristics, snow  Near surface(+2 to +10m): temperature, specific humidity and wind speed profiles, surface pressure, momentum, latent and sensible heat fluxes REFERENCE SITE DESCRIPTION

Reference Site Metadata Individual Site Metadata includes: Station (s) Contact (s) Links to relevant web pages Station location (e.g. maps, photos) Station description (e.g. vegetation characteristics, soil types, climate) Parameters and Instrumentation descriptions (SFC, TWR, STM, FLX, UA) Links to presentations Links to data sets and additional documentation

CEOP Reference Sites Data Release Guidelines Data exchange guidelines: (3) Data users: No transfer to third parties. (4) Data release to data users: Turn-around period. Category 1 data: 6 months Category 2 data: 15 months (2) CDA and data users: Commercial exploitation of CEOP data is prohibited. (1)To comply with WMO Resolutions 40 (CG-XII) and 25 (CG- XIII) in particular: No financial implications. (5) Acknowledgement and citation (6) Co-Authorship for Reference Sites’ PIs recommended, collaboration base required if PI requests co-authorship (in particular for category 2 data) (7) CEOP Publication Library at CDA

CEOP Reference Sites Data Release Guidelines CEOP Reference Site Data Categories: Standard Data (Category 1): Common or low exploitation value, measurement technology common, generally well understood. Enhanced or Experimental Data (Category 2): High exploitation value, measurement technology sophisticated and/or of experimental nature, contact to PIs highly recommended. Data providers decide on category division of their data !

Data Source Data/Doc Arrive at EOL Visual Inspection of Data and Plots Available On-Line EOL Updates Status Table and Detailed Notes Reference Site EOP-3/4 Data Flow Apply Auto/Manual Data/Doc Consistency Checks Format Verification Gross Limit Checks Exact/Inexact Dup Records Data/Flag/Doc Checks Generate Flagging and Site Statistics Merge Data

CSEReference Site EOP-3EOP-4 BALTEXCabauw Lindenberg Norunda Sodankyla CAMPChao-Phraya River Equatorial Island Himalayas Korean Haenam Korean Peninsula Mongolia Northeast Thailand Northern South China Sea Siberia Taiga Siberia Tundra Tibet Tongyu Western Pacific Ocean AMMANiameySG & PRPR OuemeSG & PRPR CSEReference Site EOP-3EOP-4 GAPPBondville Ft. Peck Mt. Bigelow Oak Ridge ARM SGP LBABrasilia Caxiuana Manaus Pantanal Rondonia Santarem MAGSBERMS MDBMurrumbidgee Tumbarumba ARMNorth Slope of Alaska Tropical Western Pacific CEOP Phase I Reference Site Data Set Availability (as of 6 October) Complete Partial SG = Streamgauge PR = Precipitation

Contacting Data Sources Subsetting Data Sets Need to reformat into CEOP format

CAMP Reference Sites for Phase 2 No.Ref. Site Name 1Eastern Siberian Tundra 2Eastern Siberian Taiga 3Mongolia 4Tongyu 5Tibet 6Himalayas 7Northern South China Sea - Southern Japan 8Chao-Phraya River 9North-East Thailand 10Western Pacific Ocean 11Northern Mongolia 12Downstream of the Yellow River 13Central Vietnam 14Northeast Bangladesh 15Pakistan - Karokoram 16Tsukuba 17Lanzhou 18Heihe River Basin 19Western Maritime Continent 20Central Maritime Continent 21Eastern Maritime Continent 22Northern Maritime Continent 23Southern Maritime Continent New Reference site

Thank You

CEOP Phase II – Reference sites Major continental gaps in current site coverageThe Ocean ?

Reference Site Data Set Procedures Report (Approved by the SSC on 29 July 2003) Introduction Data Set Description, submission schedule, formats Metadata Gap filling Quality Control/Quality Assurance File naming convention Submission instructions to CDA CDA Composite formation CDA Quality Assurance Rawinsonde Data Sets Ancillary Data Sets