Nuclear Power Plants. Nuclear Power Plant Turbine and Generator Spinning turbine blades and generator Boiling water Steam.

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Nuclear Power Plants. Nuclear Power Plant Turbine and Generator Spinning turbine blades and generator Boiling water Steam.

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Power Plants

Nuclear Power Plant Turbine and Generator Spinning turbine blades and generator Boiling water Steam

Nuclear Energy Powers 1 in 5 U.S. Homes and Businesses

Nuclear Energy Comes From Fission Uranium atom Neutrons Spit atoms

Heat Splitting Atoms Releases Neutrons, Making Heat Neutrons

Heat Produces Steam, Generating Electricity Heat Steam produced Steam Turbine Generator Electricity

Nuclear Fission The process of splitting a larger atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei by bombarding it with neutrons. This process releases energy that is stored in the nucleus.

n U Kr n 1 0 Ba Energ y 3

Uranium Is Mined and Refined

Uranium Ore  Uranium hexafluoride  Gas  Solid

Enrichment Concentrates the Uranium Isotope

Our current nuclear power plants run on fission They use theU-235 isotope of Uranium as fuel. Most uranium in natural ores exists in as U-238 Only U-235 is fissionable. Processed uranium must be “enriched” in centrifuges to concentrate the U-235. Uranium used in reactors is 4-5% U-235. Uranium used in nuclear weapons must be 90% U-235.

Uranium Is Encased in Solid Ceramic Pellets

Fuel Rods Filled With Pellets Are Grouped Into Fuel Assemblies

The fission process can continue until all of the available “big atoms” are gone. This is a chain reaction. Reactions must be slowed down with neutron-absorbing control rods.

Controlling the Chain Reaction Control rods Fuel Assemblies Withdraw control rods, reaction increases Insert control rods, reaction decreases

Boiling Water Reactor

Steam Pressurized Water Reactor

Safety Is Engineered Into Reactor Designs Containment Vessel 1.5-inch thick steel Shield Building Wall 3 foot thick reinforced concrete Dry Well Wall 5 foot thick reinforced concrete Bio Shield 4 foot thick leaded concrete with 1.5-inch thick steel lining inside and out Reactor Vessel 4 to 8 inches thick steel Reactor Fuel Weir Wall 1.5 foot thick concrete