Culture of Poverty Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics May 7, 2011 Based on A Framework for Understanding Poverty aha! Process, Inc., Highlands, TX by Ruby K. Payne, Ph.D. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2005 aha! Process, Inc.  aha Process Inc. Judy Bennett and Carol Hailey Shawnee Mission School District

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Outcomes Enhance the understanding of children and families from poverty Strengthen interactions with families and children 2

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  “The Perfect Classroom” by Dr. Rita Pierson 3

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  4 What are the poverty guidelines? Persons in Family or Household $10,400$10,210 2$14,000$13,690 3$17,600$17,170 4$21,200$20,650 5$24,800$24,130 6$28,400$27,610 7$32,000$31,090 8$35,600$34,570 Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). The 2008 HHS Poverty Guidelines.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  5 Who is most at risk for being in poverty?  Children (18 years old or younger)  Immigrants  Female-headed households  Persons with Disabilities  Minorities Source: 2008 Report on Illinois Poverty ( alliance.org/maip).

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  6 s Module 1: Key Points Establish a cognitive framework for understanding economic realities.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Poverty is relative. 2. Generational and situational poverty are different. Generational Situational Middle New Old Poverty Poverty Class Money Money Key Points

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  This work is based on patterns. All patterns have exceptions. 4. Most schools and businesses operate from middle-class norms and values. Key Point

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Individuals bring with them the hidden rules of the class in which they were raised. Key Point PovertyMiddle ClassWealth Survival Relationships Entertainment Work Achievement Material security Political connections Financial connections Social connections

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  We can neither excuse nor scold students. We must teach our students. 7. We must teach students that there are two sets of rules. Key Point

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Poverty occurs in all races. The focus of this work is economic diversity. 9. Two things that help one move out of poverty are:  Education  Relationships Key Point

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  –Dr. James Comer "No significant learning occurs without a significant relationship." 12

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  13 Module 2: Resources Analyze the nine resources of an individual and make interventions based on the resources that are present. Understand that failure is often related to missing pieces and identify ways to provide missing resources.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  14 To better understand people from poverty, the definition of poverty will be: “The extent to which an individual does without resources.” Resources

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Financial-Having the money to purchase goods and services. 2.Emotional-Being able to choose and control emotional responses, particularly to negative situations, without engaging in self-destructive behavior. This is an internal resource and shows itself through stamina, perseverance, and choices. 3.Mental-Having the mental abilities and acquired skills (reading, writing, computing) to deal with daily life. 4.Spiritual-Believing in divine purpose and guidance. Having hope or a future story. 5.Physical-Having physical health and mobility. 6.Support Systems-Having friends, family, and backup resources available to access in times of need. These are external resources. 7.Relationships/Role Models -Having frequent access to adult(s) who are appropriate, who are nurturing to the child, and who do not engage in self-destructive behavior. 8.Knowledge of Hidden Rules -Knowing the unspoken cues and habits of a group. 9.Formal Register-Having the vocabulary, language ability, and negotiation skills necessary to succeed in school and/or work settings. Resources

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  16 Resource Analysis Adapted from Bridges Out of Poverty Workbook. Devol, Payne, Dreussi Smith. (2006)

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  17 REGISTEREXPLANATION FROZENLanguage that is always the same. For example: Lord ’ s Prayer, wedding vows, etc. FORMALThe standard sentence syntax and word choice of work and school. Has complete sentences and specific word choice. CONSULTATIVEFormal register when used in conversation. Discourse pattern not quite as direct as formal register. CASUALLanguage between friends, characterized by a 400- to 800-word vocabulary. Word choice general and not specific. Conversation dependent upon nonverbal assists. Sentence syntax often incomplete. INTIMATELanguage between lovers or twins. Language of sexual harassment. Registers of Language Adapted from Martin Joos

Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Research About Language in Children, Ages 1 to 4, in Stable Households by Economic Group Number of words exposed to Economic group Affirmations (strokes) Prohibitions (discounts) 13 million wordsWelfare1 for every2 26 million words Working class 2 for every1 45 million wordsProfessional6 for every1 Source: Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children. (1995). Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley. 18

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Kaplan Discourse FORMAL CASUAL 19

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Think about Two Patients 20

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  21 Module 5: Hidden Rules Understand and give examples of the hidden rules of the three socioeconomic classes.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  22 Hidden Rules  Hidden rules are the “unspoken cues and habits of a group.”  These rules become part of your belief system and guide how you behave.  Relationships can be broken when you do not know the hidden rules.  Hidden rules can limit your interaction with people who are different from you.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  Food POVERTY Do you have enough? Quantity is important. MIDDLE CLASS Do you like it? Quality is important. WEALTH Was it presented well? Presentation is important. 23

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  24 POVERTY  Present most important  Decisions made for the moment based on feelings or survival MIDDLE CLASS  Future most important  Decisions made against future ramifications WEALTH  Traditions and past history most important  Decisions made partially on basis of tradition/decorum Time

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  25 Could you survive in wealth? COMPLETE THE QUIZ: Put a check by each item that applies to you. ______1. I can read a menu in French, English, and another language. ______2. I have several favorite restaurants in different countries of the world. ______3. During the holidays I know how to hire a decorator to identify the appropriate themes and items with which to decorate the house. ______4. I know who my preferred financial advisor, legal service, designer, domestic employment service, and hairdresser are. ______5. I have at least two residences that are staffed and maintained. ______6. I know how to ensure confidentiality and loyalty from my domestic staff. ______7. I have at least two or three “screens” that keep people I do not wish to see away from me. ______8. I fly in my own plane or the company plane. ______9. I know how to enroll my children in the preferred private schools.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  26 Could you survive in middle class? COMPLETE THE QUIZ: Put a check by each item that applies to you. ______1. I know how to get my children into Little League, piano lessons, soccer, etc. ______2. I know how to set a table properly. ______3. I know which stores are most likely to carry the clothing brands my family wears. ______4. My children know the best name brands in clothing. ______5. I know how to order in a nice restaurant. ______6. I know how to use a credit card, checking account, and savings account—and I understand an annuity. I understand term life insurance, disability insurance, and 20/80 medical insurance policy, as well as house insurance, flood insurance, and replacement insurance. ______7. I talk to my children about going to college. ______8. I know how to get one of the best interest rates on my new-car loan. ______9. I understand the differences among the principal, interest, and escrow statements on my house payment.

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  27 COMPLETE THE QUIZ: Put a check by each item you know how to do. ______1. I know which churches and sections of town have the best rummage sales. ______2. I know which rummage sales have “bag sales.” ______3. I know which grocery stores’ garbage bins can be accessed for thrown-away food. ______4. I know how to get someone out of jail. ______5. I know how to physically fight and defend myself physically. ______6. I know how to get a gun, even if I have a police record. ______7. I know how to keep my clothes from being stolen at the Laundromat. ______8. I know what problems to look for in a used car. ______9. I know how to live without a checking account. ______10. I know how to live without electricity and a phone. ______11. I know how to use a knife as scissors. ______12. I can entertain a group of friends with my personality and my stories. Could you survive in poverty?

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  28 POVERTYMIDDLE CLASSWEALTH POSSESSIONSPeople.Things.One-of-a-kind objects, legacies, pedigrees. MONEYTo be used, spent.To be managed.To be conserved, invested. PERSONALITYIs for entertainment. Sense of humor is highly valued. Is for acquisition and stability. Achievement is highly valued. Is for connections. Financial, political, social connections are highly valued. SOCIAL EMPHASIS Social inclusion of the people they like. Emphasis is on self- governance and self- sufficiency. Emphasis is on social exclusion. FOODKey question: Did you have enough? Quantity important. Key question: Did you like it? Quality important. Key question: Was it presented well? Presentation important. CLOTHINGClothing valued for individual style and expression of personality. Clothing valued for its quality and acceptance into the norms of middle class. Label important. Clothing valued for its artistic sense and expression. Designer important. TIMEPresent most important. Decisions made for moment based on feelings or survival. Future most important. Decisions made against future ramifications. Traditions and past history most important. Decisions made partially on basis of tradition decorum. Hidden Rules of Economic Class

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  29 POVERTYMIDDLE CLASSWEALTH EDUCATIONValued and revered as abstract but not as reality. Education is about facts. Crucial for climbing success ladder and making money. Necessary tradition for making and maintaining connections. DESTINYBelieves in fate. Cannot do much to mitigate chance. Believes in choice. Can change future with good choices now. Noblesse oblige. LANGUAGECasual register. Language is about survival. Formal register. Language is about negotiation. Formal register. Language is about connection. FAMILY STRUCTURE Tends to be matriarchal.Tends to be patriarchal.Depends on who has/controls money. WORLD VIEWSees world in terms of local setting. Sees world in terms of national setting. Sees world in terms of an international view. LOVELove and acceptance conditional, based on whether individual is liked. Love and acceptance conditional, based largely on achievement. Love and acceptance conditional, related to social standing and connections. DRIVING FORCESSurvival, relationships, entertainment. Work and achievement.Financial, political, social connections. Hidden Rules of Economic Class

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  30  Support: the direct teaching of process and mental models.  Insistence: the motivation and persistence that comes from the relationship.  High Expectations: the approach of, “I know you can do it, and you will.” Mutual Respect Relationships of mutual respect must have three things present:

aha Process Inc. People  Training  Tools Copyright © 2008 aha! Process, Inc.  31 –Dr. James Comer "No significant learning occurs without a significant relationship."