Response Measures for Navigating through the Gulf of Aden Seoul High Level Meeting and International Maritime Forum on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia Tim Wilkins INTERTANKO Regional Manager Asia-Pacific

2 1 Introduction 2 Overview of International Response 3 Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 4 Industry and Naval Coordination 5 Solutions 5.1 Industry views on short to long term solutions

3 World seaborne trade Billion Tonne Miles in Introduction

4 Top 20 Beneficial Ownership Countries (January 2007) 1. Introduction

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6 Gulf of Aden transits 2007 Westbound tankers traffic 2007 Eastbound tankers traffic 2007 Type tankerNo.Type tankerNo Chemical tankers1,228Chemical tankers990 Gas tankers157Gas tankers197 Crude oil tankers814Crude oil tankers1052 VLCCs450 VLCCs390 Suezmaxes273Suezmaxes244 Aframaxes386Aframaxes356 Others76Others62 Product tankers589Product tankers817 Other tankers46Other tankers150 Total5,201Total4,176 Source: LMIU = C. 800 tanker transits per Month 1. Introduction

7 Ship Type Piracy Attacks 1. Introduction

Update: Piracy Statistics (ICC-IMB) Up to 15 May – –Ships hijacked : 29 – –Hostages : 472 Vessels attacked 1 April – 22 May : 63 – –Gen Cargo (14); Bulk Carrier (14); Tanker (13); Other / n/r (13); Container (9) April attacks – –Gulf of Aden 45% – –East of Somalia 45% – –n/r 5%

9 2. Overview of International Response Political framework and the UN Within the context of no functioning Somali Government… UN and IMO actions included: –Emphasis on the roles of Warships to protect trade –23 nations represented within EUNAVFOR, NATO and Non-aligned –Appropriate UN Security Council Resolutions to interdict 1846 – UNCLOS extension 1851 – Governments formed International Cooperative Mechanism - “The Contact Group”

10 IMO and the Shipping Industry MSC/Circ.622/Rev.1 - Recommendations to Governments for preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery against ships MSC/Circ.623/Rev.2 - Guidance to shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships IMO MSC 86 discussions –BMPs covering transit off Somalia Previously drafted in UN Contact Group 3 Industry Best Management Practices 2. Overview of International Response

11 Industry ‘Best Management Practices’ INTERTANKO ICS OCIMF BIMCO SIGTTO INTERCARGO IGP&I CLIA IUMI Joint War Committee IMB MSCHOA MTO-Dubai 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice

12 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice Purpose:AvoidDeterDelay Scope: 1.Prior to transit 1.1 General Planning 1.2 Company Planning 1.3 Ship’s Master Planning 1.4 Voyage planning 1.5 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (SPMs) 2.In transit 3.If attacked 4.If boarding 5.In the event of military action

13 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.1 General Planning a)Information gathering: Dubai Maritime Trade Operations (Dubai-MTO) Maritime Security Centre – Horn of Africa (MSC – HOA) IMB Piracy Reporting Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF- HOA) Maritime Liaison Office – Bahrain (Marlo – Bahrain) Industry bodies: INTERTANKO, INTERCARGO, ICS, BIMCO...

14 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.1 General Planning a)Information gathering b)Risk Assessment Attack Profiles and Lessons Learnt Common vulnerabilities –Crew safety –Low freeboard –Speed –Prevailing weather –Time of transit –Piracy activity

15 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.1 General Planning a)Information gathering b)Risk Assessment c)Register with MSC HOA –30% of all vessels transiting the GoA are “NOT” registered with MSCHOA or reporting to MTO-Dubai –To date 23 vessels Hijacked were not registered with MSCHOA and not reporting positions

16 By April % of INTERTANKO Members were registered with MSCHOA Expected capture rate approximately 60% but all members should register 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice

17 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.2 Company Planning a)Implementation of the Ship Security Plan (SSP) a)Review of ISPS requirements – Ship Security Assessment and Plan (SSA / SSP) b)Contingency planning by Company Security Officer (CSO) c)Training of crew by Master and Ship Security Officer (SSO) – prior to passage b)Information gathering and high risk awareness c)Crisis management procedures (industry and IMO)

18 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.3 Ship’s Master Planning a)Report to Dubai-MTO b)Ship board drills of contingency plan c)Preparation of emergency communication The Maritime Trade Operations Dubai (MTO Dubai) The Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa (MSCHOA) The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) Company Security Officer (CSO) d)Define the ship’s AIS policy

19 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Voyage Planning a)Registered with MSC HOA and report to MTO Dubai b)Avoid Yemini Territorial Waters c)Internationally recognised Transit Corridor (IRTC) d)Group Transits e)Outside the Gulf of Aden a)~600 miles off Somali coast b)Continue reporting to MTO Dubai

20 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (1) a)Watchkeeping and Enhanced Vigilance Additional lookouts Early detection Night vision binoculars’ Enhanced radar and radio watch Strategically placed dummies can give the impression of greater numbers of crew on watch

21 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (2) b)Security guards No arming of ship’s crew Private security services acceptable Private armed guards - quality controls / legal aspects? Government armed guards at owner’s discretion. Preferably from flag state Unclarified legality/jurisdicion in case of crew member or pirate being killed by mistake/damage to ship/insurance c)Closed circuit television (CCTV) Vulnerable areas of vessel Protected positioning of CCTV monitors Recorded CCTV footage as evidence

22 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (3) d)Piracy Attack Crew Muster Point food and water toilet facilities 2 independent means of communication with the bridge (eg radio and telephone) fire fighting equipment first aid equipment portable lighting CCTV monitor list of ship’s crew

23 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (4) e)Alarms f)Upper deck lighting f)Ships Tools and Equipment g)Protection of Equipment h)Access Control i)Bridge Protection Security glass film protects against flying glass

24 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (5) k)Physical Barriers Razor wire and steam piping Full risk assessment should be carried out before the implementation of any physical barriers Access to fire exit routes and life saving craft and appliances must be maintained.

25 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 1. Prior to transit: 1.4 Self Protective (Defensive) Measures (6) l)Water spray and foam monitors Use of baffle plates Hoses rigged in fixed position and remotely activated

26 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 2. In transit: –Group Transit through the IRTC –Relevant speed –Maintain vigilance and look out for suspicious craft Typical vessels used as mother ships Typical skiff used in a pirate attack

27 3. Industry Approach and Response Measures 3.1 Industry Best Practice 3. If attacked: –Follow pre-planned Contingency Plan –Activate Ship Security Alert System –AIS must be switched on –Maintain evasive manoeuvring measures and speed 4. If boarded: –Remain calm –Stay together –Offer no resistance –Cooperate with the pirates 5. In the event of military action –Do not use cameras –Keep low, cover head and make hands visible –Prepare to answer questions about identity

28 Key Coordinating Bodies – essential work being undertaken: EU NAVFOR – Coordinating authority for MSC HOA MSC HOA – Deployment of Merchant Navy Liaison Officer MTO–Dubai – Industry liaison with the Combined Military Forces (CMF) IRTC system –Maximises assets available –Provides safety in numbers –Ships grouped (slow first/fast behind) –Maritime patrol aircraft widen the operational area of naval assets and quicken response times in the event of an attack –New ATALANTA aircraft patrols in Indian Ocean 4. Industry and Naval Coordination

29 Forthcoming Additional Measures 1. Anti-Piracy Chart Routing chart imminent from MSCHOA: Weather Guidance will be provided Reporting instructions included Plotting Capabilities Relevant Information & Guidance 3. Navigational Warnings MSCHOA worked with Staff Officers at UKHO to improve promulgation of the voluntary reporting procedures. They also aim to update relevant Notices to Mariners. 2. Self Protection Measures MSCHOA compiling a database of self protection measures used by merchant shipping in the region. Aim to establish what works and what doesn't across the range of ship types 4. Industry and Naval Coordination

30 5. Solutions: Industry views on future solutions Industry BMP needs promulgation to all ships – 80% attacks using by SPMs Updating of BMP Commercial considerations – –Routing – –Charter Party clauses Governments provide/maintain sufficient military assets ensure coordinated approach among military assets for effective protection and response ensure single/compatible rules of engagement develop legal authority to prosecute captive pirates develop long-term solution on land - solve problem at root not just fight symptoms

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