World Engineering Education Forum Wednesday, September 25, 2013 Autar Kaw Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of South Florida Tampa, USA

Source: Making the Indian higher education system future ready FICCI Higher Education Summit 2009

Gross enrollment ratio (GER) is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education.

Source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics, 2009 Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education

M assive O pen O nline C ourses Course – It is a course Online – It is offered online Open – Do not need to pay a fee or be registered student Massive – Designed to support indefinite number of students 7

8 ACCESS EQUITYQUALITY

How are they evolving? cMOOCs xMOOCs bMOOCs 9 Image: Courtesy of hastec.org

Guided Discovery Fully Guided Instruction

Follow the evidence-based pedagogy of Universal Design Learning (UDL) of giving multiple forms of 1.Perception 2.Expression 3.Engagement

h b Area=b*h

h b

h b

1.Elaborative interrogation 2.Self-explanation 3.Summarization 4.Highlighting/underlining 5.Keyword mnemonic 6.Imagery for text 7.Rereading 8.Practice testing 9.Distributed practice 10.Interleaved practice Low

1.Elaborative interrogation 2.Self-explanation 3.Summarization 4.Highlighting/underlining 5.Keyword mnemonic 6.Imagery for text 7.Rereading 8.Practice testing 9.Distributed practice 10.Interleaved practice Moderate Low Moderate

1.Elaborative interrogation 2.Self-explanation 3.Summarization 4.Highlighting/underlining 5.Keyword mnemonic 6.Imagery for text 7.Rereading 8.Practice testing 9.Distributed practice 10.Interleaved practice Moderate Low High Moderate

24 Circuit 1This one is for reactive attention Circuit 2This one sets our mind to concentrate on something

 Multitaskers fire up striatum needed for routine learning. Not bad if you want to be on an assembly line.

 Focused learners rely on hippocampus that is needed for learning abstract rules to novel problems. Needed for learning mathematics and programming based work.

 Time Spent  Mental Fatigue  Memory Failure  Inept Deep Learning

29  Adapts digital lessons and assessments  Empowers educators with tools  We can do this now using the learning management systems quizzing options, flash cards, etc.

31  Non-cognitive factors are crucial  Improve direction via online tools

 Knowledge: (repeating verbatim)  List, State  Comprehension: (demonstrate understanding)  Explain, Interpret  Application: (applying learned info to solve problem)  Calculate, Solve

 Analysis: (breaking things down, formulating mathematical models)  Derive, Explain  Synthesis: (creating something, combining elements)  Formulate, Makeup, Design  Evaluation: (making and justifying judgments, selection from alternatives)  Determine, Select, Critique

A short video on Bloom’s Taxonomy

Transmission in class and Assimilation at home TO Transmission at home and Assimilation in class. Image Courtesy of University of Washington

To improve the well-being of the society, bring socio-economic equality to higher education. First think of the pedagogy and then figure out if technology can help you to implement it. Use mostly evidence-based techniques in your class such as Universal Design Learning. Develop atmosphere of no complex multitasking in and out of the classroom for studying. Practice some version of an established taxonomy and incorporate active learning.