Definitions of Translation Semiotic approach: Translation is language code switching. When translating, we switch from one language to another. Three possibilities of code switching: intralinguistic or rewording; interlanguage translation; intersemiotic translation (R.Jakobson. On Linguistic Aspects of Translation // Proshina, 2002. - P.13).

Communicative Approach Translation as process Translation as result The communicative situation consists of: Source of information Addressee TEXT

Communication in Translation Source of info Addressee (Receptor) TRANSLATOR SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT

TYPES OF TRANSLATION. Classification Criteria

Who does the translation? 1. A human translator 2. Computor translation

FORM of SPEECH 1. Written translatrion 2. Sight translation 3. Oral translation (interpreting) 4. Screen translation 5. Dubbing

Source Text Perception 1. A translator may SEE the text 2. A translator may HEAR the text

Time Lapse between the ST and TT Perception and Translation 1. Consecutive translation 2. Simultaneous translation

Number of Languages in Translation Situation 1. One-way translation 2. Two-way translation

Direction of Translation Direct translation, i.e. translation into the mother tongue Inverse translation or translation into a foreign language

Methods of Interpreting Note-taking interpretation Phrase-by-phrase interpretation