2. PENCIL 3. GRAPHING CALCULATOR 1.NOTEBOOK AP Stats ‘Must Haves’

Dot plots: easiest way to present data in a graph The Role of Statistics Case 1: Sexual Discrimination Problem

Recently, a large company had to fire 10 employees because of the sluggish economy. Of these 10 employees, 5 were women. However, only 1/3 of the company’s employees were women. This discrepancy has led the women who were fired to file a sexual discrimination lawsuit. Do they have a legitimate claim?

What are our options in this case? -they have a legitimate claim--the company fired a higher proportion of women on purpose -they DON’T have a legitimate claim-- this could have occurred by random chance

Let’s SIMULATE the case RED: FEMALE EMPLOYEES BLUE: MALE EMPLOYEES Let’s simulate the firing by using a population of beads to represent the population of the company

Does this give evidence of discrimination? HECK NO! Since it is somewhat likely to get 5 or more women by random chance alone, we do not have evidence that women were discriminated against. Probability = 21.3%

Distribution How do you interpret a graph ?

Constructing Dotplots Label your axis and title your graph. Scale the axis based on the values of the variable Mark a dot above the number of the horizontal axis. The number of goals scored by each team in the first round of California Southern Section Division V high school soccer playoffs:

Dotplot ||||||||| Goals Scored in California Division 5 Soccer Playoffs S 0 C S Spread Outlier Center Shape Finding a value that divides the observation in half: large values small values Falls outside the overall pattern of the graph Giving the smallest and largest value Long tail to the right or to the left

Stemplots

How to construct a stemplot (aka stem and leaf plot) Stem: first digit Leaf: remaining digit(s) Example: This lists the number of points Philip’s team scored in last season’s basketball game:

Practice Construct a stemplot on the caffein content (in milligrams)for an 8-ounce serving of some popular soft drinks

Homework 1.How many women fired would make you suspicious? 2.In statistics, is it possible that we make the wrong decision? 3.How will you compute for the probability of this case?