Presentation to GAFCSC 7 April 2014 by Prof. Lehlohonolo Tlou Centre for Regional Integration in Africa (CRIA)

Definitions Of Southern Africa Geographic Historical Economic Political

Evolution of SADC Political and Pan African Instruments PAFMECSA ( ) Conference of East and Central Africa ( ) Frontline States ( )

Towards Economic Liberation Economic Integration in the Region Central African Federation ( ) East African Community ( ) (1996 to date) Southern Africa Customs Union (1910-) SADCC ( ) Arusha Declaration of 1979 Lusaka Summit Conference April 1980

The Southern African Coordination Conference ( ) Membership Angola Botswana Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Swaziland Tanzania Namibia Zambia Zimbabwe The SADCC Approach Functionalist/Pragmatic Tone Decentralished Responsibilities Consensus Model

SADCC AIMS Reduce Dependence Mobilise Regional Resources Mobilise International Resources

SADCC Priorities 1. To Transform Infrastructure 2. To Coordinate Production a. Agriculture b. Industry 3. To Coordinate National Plans

SADCC Achievements Infrastructural Integration New mechanism (SATCC) Rehabilitation and upgrade of existing links Telecom projects Projects to enhance flow of traffic Feasibility studies to expand network Mobilisation of Funds

SADCC Achievements (cont’d) Production Integration Food Security SACCAR Early Warning Systems Industrialisation Regional oriented centres of growth Business Council Formed (1987)

SADCC’S Challenges Heterogeneous Membership External Linkages Regional Menace

SADC: From Conference To Community Declaration and Treaty (1992) Membership AngolaBotswanaDRC Lesotho Madagascar Malawi MauritiusMozambiqueNamibia Seychelles South Africa Swaziland Tanzania ZambiaZimbabwe

Consolidating Regional Economic Integration Objectives Development and economic growth Common political values, systems Peace and security Collective self-reliance and interdependence Complementarity of national and regional strategies Mobilise human and physical resources International cooperation

SADC’s Guiding Principles Sovereign equality of member states Solidarity, peace and security Human rights, democracy and rule of law Equity, balance and mutual benefit

Institutional Developments New Organisational Framework Strengthens the work of the secretariat Places emphasis on supranationality principle 21 sectoral units under 4 directorates New Department of Strategic Planning, Gender & Policy Harmonisation

SADC INSTITUTIONS The Summit Organ on Politics, Defence & Security Council of Ministers Integrated Committees of Ministers Standing Committee of Senior Officials Tribunal SADC National Committees Secretariat

Military/ Defense Crime preventionIntelligenceForeign policyHuman rights Protect against instability Close co-operation to deal with cross border crime Close cooperation Promote co-operation and common political value systems and institutions to deal with cross-border crime Develop democratic institutions and practices Develop a collective security capacity Promote communitybased approach Early warning Develop common foreign policy Encourage observance of universal human rights Conclude a Mutual Defence Pact N/A Conflict prevention, management and resolution Encourage and monitor international human rights conventions and treaties Develop a regional peacekeeping capacity N/A Mediate in inter-and intra- state disputes Early warning Preventive diplomacy Early warning Encourage and monitor international arms control / disarmament conventions and treaties Co-ordinate participation in peace operations Address extra-regional conflicts which affect the region Objectives of the Organ for Politics, Defense and Security

Other SADC Bodies SADC Parliamentary Forum (SADC-PF) Electoral Commissions’ Forum of SADC SADC-Council of Non-governmental Organisations (SADC-CNGO) Southern African Trade Union Coordination Council (SATUCC) SADC Business Council

Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) Trade, Industry, Finance and Development Infrastructure and Services Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Social and Human Development & Special Programmes

Programmatic Shifts Additional priority areas Poverty reduction Health Gender Peace & security

SADC & Other RECs SADC-COMESA: Engaged in trade liberalisation initiatives SADC-SACU: Collaboration or competition? SADC-EAC-COMESA: Tripartite FTA Framework Larger market with single economic space 26 countries; population of 527 million people; GDP $624 billion; GDP per capita $1,184; Over half of the AU in terms of membership; 58% of contributions in terms of GDP; and 57% of total population of AU

SADC’s Successes Transformation SPA ( 407 sectoral projects ) Peace and Political Stability Gender and Development Declaration 1997 Host & Spearheader of Internat’l Events & Initiatives Mobilisation of Funds (ICPs) $8.9 billion 90% externally generated funds

SADC’s Challenges Poverty Climate HIV/AIDS Gender Inequality Funding Vertical Integration Policy Implementation Adherence to principles Non-state Actor Participation Trade and market integration Overlapping Memberships in RECs

Towards a Better Future Participatory Development Accountability Relationships Gender Equality Collective capacity, responsibility and action Value-added production & diversification Rationalisation of RECs

Discussion Questions Comments Contributions